Mechanisms Of Involving Teachers Into Learners’ Project-Research Activity

Abstract

In current conditions, there are mixed trends in the functioning of construction enterprises. It is proved, that one of the solutions is the formation and implementation of areas of growth in the effectiveness of interaction between stakeholders of construction enterprises by creating a quantitative basis using an appropriate approach to assessment. The study aims to develop an integrated approach to assessing the level of interaction between stakeholders of construction enterprises. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are solved: identification of stakeholders interacting in the construction sector; formation of tools for assessing the level of interaction of stakeholders in the construction sector; the development of models to assess the level of interaction of stakeholders in the construction sector; the development of ways to improve the construction enterprises functioning, considering the directions and characteristics of the stakeholder interaction. As a result of the study, an integrated approach to assessing the level of interaction between stakeholders of construction enterprises by using the absolute method, method of expert assessments and method of hierarchies based on a set of interrelated actions was developed, which allowed determining the local, systemic and integral factors for forming a quantitative basis for making managerial decisions to increase the effectiveness of interaction between interested persons in the construction sector. Measures to increase the efficiency of the functioning of construction enterprises are proposed.

Keywords: Stakeholders, construction enterprises, level of stakeholder interaction, integrated approach

Introduction

In current conditions, there are mixed trends in the functioning of construction enterprises. In particular, over the past decades, there has been an increase in sales volumes, performance, but the number of employees is decreasing. This indicates a reduction in human capital, which is essential and ensures the development of enterprises. In such conditions, one of the solutions is the formation and implementation of areas of growth in the effectiveness of interaction between stakeholders of construction enterprises by creating a quantitative basis using an appropriate approach to assessment.

Problem Statement

The materials for the study are theoretical and practical provisions for the formation and interaction with stakeholders, which are presented in works of Clarkson (1995), Mamonov (2011), Mitchell et al. (1997), Savage et al. (1991), Parmar et al. (2010) and others.

Directions and features of the functioning of the construction sector considering the level of interaction between stakeholders are studied by Prunenko et al. (2017), Gritskov and Mamonov (2017), Demianenko (2009), Ermolaev (2013), Serobyan (2015), Tarasevich (2009) and others. However, the issues of ensuring the growth of the effectiveness of interaction between interested parties based on the formed quantitative basis remain unresolved. Appropriate methods are used to conduct the study:

• generalization (to identify stakeholders, which affect the level of interaction in the construction sector);
• systematization (for regulatory support used in the construction sector and for stakeholder interaction);
• analytical methods (to establish the main trends in changing the basic indicators of the construction sector functioning);
• an integrated approach to assessing the level of stakeholders interaction in construction enterprises;
• hierarchy analysis method (for determining weighting factors, which determine the influence of stakeholder factors on the integral indicator of the interaction level between stakeholders of construction enterprises).

The study aims to develop an integrated approach to assessing the level of interaction between stakeholders of construction enterprises.

To achieve this goal, the following tasks are solved:

• Identification of stakeholders interacting in the construction sector;
• Formation of tools for assessing the level of interaction of stakeholders in the construction sector;
• The development of models to assess the level of interaction of stakeholders in the construction sector;
• The development of ways to improve the construction enterprises functioning, considering the directions and characteristics of the stakeholder interaction.

Research Questions

To achieve this goal, the following research questions are solved:

• Identification of stakeholders interacting in the construction sector;
• Formation of tools for assessing the level of interaction of stakeholders in the construction sector;
• The development of models to assess the level of interaction of stakeholders in the construction sector;
• The development of ways to improve the construction enterprises functioning, considering the directions and characteristics of the stakeholder interaction.

Purpose of the Study

The study aims to develop an integrated approach to assessing the level of interaction between stakeholders of construction enterprises.

Research Methods

Appropriate methods are used to conduct the study:

• generalization (to identify stakeholders, which affect the level of interaction in the construction sector);
• systematization (for regulatory support used in the construction sector and for stakeholder interaction);
• analytical methods (to establish the main trends in changing the basic indicators of the construction sector functioning);
• an integrated approach to assessing the level of stakeholders interaction in construction enterprises;
• hierarchy analysis method (for determining weighting factors, which determine the influence of stakeholder factors on the integral indicator of the interaction level between stakeholders of construction enterprises).

Findings

For the functioning of the construction industry and ensuring the interaction between stakeholders, the following legal and regulatory provisions are applied: Laws of Ukraine (“On regulation of urban planning activity”, “On building standards”, “On energy saving”, “On architectural activity”, “On improvement of settlements”, “On liability for offenses in the sphere of urban planning”, "On the prevention of the impact of the global financial crisis on the development of the construction industry and housing", "On financial and credit mechanisms and property management in housing and real estate", "On technical regulations and conformity assessment", "On licensing of economic activities", «On amendments to some legislative acts of Ukraine on improvement of urban planning activities», «On access to construction, transport, electricity objects for the development of telecommunication networks», "On environmental impact assessment", "On energy efficiency of buildings", "On electricity market"); resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine ("On state expertise on energy saving", “On approval of the Procedure for checking the observance of the requirements of regulatory documents and standards for calculating the cost of construction of objects constructed with attraction of budget funds, as well as funds of state and municipal enterprises, institutions and organizations, loans granted under state guarantees”, “On approval of the general conditions for the conclusion and implementation of work contracts in capital construction”, “On approval of the rules for confirming the suitability of new construction products for use”, “On approval of the technical regulation for construction products, buildings and structures”, “On copyright and technical supervision during the construction of an architectural object”, “On approval of the procedure for application of building norms developed on the basis of national technological traditions, and building norms harmonized with normative regulations European Union documents», “On the approval of the Procedure for the examination of urban planning documentation”, “On the approval of the Procedure for the implementation of state architectural and construction control”, “On the urban planning cadastre”, “On the approval of the Procedure for approval of construction projects and their examination and the recognition of some decisions of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine as invalid”, “On Approval of the Procedure of state architectural and construction supervision”, “Some issues of activity of the state architectural and construction control bodies”, “On Approval of the criterion for assessing the risk of conducting economic activity in the sphere of urban development and determining the periodicity of planned state supervision measures (control) by the bodies of state architectural and construction control"," On approval of the list of construction works that do not require documents that give the right to their execution, and after which the object is not subject to acceptance for operation"); Orders (Ministry of regional development, construction and housing and communal services of Ukraine dated December 30, 2014 No. 381 “On Approval of the Instruction on conducting a verification of compliance with the requirements of normative documents and standards for calculating the cost of construction of objects constructed with attraction of budget funds, as well as state and utility funds, institutions and organizations, loans granted under state guarantees», dated April 24, 2015 No. 79 “On approval of the Procedure for the commissioning and technical inspection of individual (estate) residential buildings, garden, country houses, household buildings and structures, public buildings and agricultural buildings and structures of complexity category I and II built without permission to carry out construction work", dated December 30, 2014 No. 1417 "On approval of the form and description of the official certificate of an official of the state architectural and construction control (supervision) body", dated July 1, 2015 No. 150 “On approval of the form and description of the official certificate of the official of the state architectural and construction control (supervision) body”, dated 20.10.2016 No. 281 “On Approval of the Procedure for calculating the amount of estimated salary to be considered in determining the cost of construction of objects”, from 06.11.2017 No. 289 "On approval of the list of construction objects for which urban planning conditions and restrictions are not provided", registered at the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine on 27.11.2017 No. 1437/31305), etc.).

The level of stakeholder interaction in the construction sector is influenced by factors characterizing its functioning and development. As a result of the study, a slowdown in the growth rate of the construction products index was determined (Table 1, (State Statistics Service of Ukraine, 2020), which indicates a decrease in the capabilities of construction enterprises regarding their development.

The dynamics of the construction products index by type are presented in Table 2, (State Statistics Service of Ukraine, 2020). Based on the study, it was determined that between 2010 and 2018, there is an increase in the volume of construction products in general and by type:

• residential buildings – by 4.27 times;
• non-residential buildings – by 2.93 times;
• engineering structures – by 3.2 times.

The dynamics of the construction products index by type indicates a slowdown in growth trends in residential and non-residential buildings, engineering structures. The dynamics of the volume of construction products by type are presented in Table 3 (State Statistics Service of Ukraine, 2020).

The volume of housing commissioned by its types is presented in Table 4, (State Statistics Service of Ukraine, 2020).

In 2010–2017, there was an increase in the volume of housing commissioned by 20 % due to an increase in the total area with two or more apartments and hostels. However, the total area of residential buildings, with one apartment, decreased by 30 %.

The total area and number of apartments in the residential buildings are presented in Table 5, (State Statistics Service of Ukraine, 2020).

The total area and number of apartments commissioned in residential buildings indicate the excess of their commissioning in urban areas compared with the rural areas. The number of buildings and engineering structures of construction in progress as of January 1, 2004 - 2014 is presented in Table 6, (State Statistics Service of Ukraine, 2020).

From 2004 to 2014, there has been a decrease in the number of buildings and engineering structures of construction in progress as of January 1. This indicates that construction companies are trying to reduce the level of construction in progress and ensure the growth of the readiness of construction sites. The level of commissioning of social facilities in January-September 2017 is presented in Table 7, (State Statistics Service of Ukraine, 2020).

The study defined growth as % of the corresponding period of the previous year:

• the total area of residential buildings – in 1.21 times;
• student places in general educational institutions – in 4.7 times;
• places in preschool educational institutions – in 1.2 times;
• beds in hospitals – in 1.6 times.

However, the number of visits per shift in outpatient clinics is reduced by 1.3%. To assess the level of interaction between stakeholders of construction enterprises, it is proposed to use an integrated approach based on the use of the following stages:

• Characterization of the state and tendencies of the functioning of the construction sector.
• Definition of indicators of the construction sector functioning (Sb1j).
• Formation of stakeholders providing interaction with construction enterprises and determining relevant indicators (Sb2j):
• customers of construction products (Sb21);
• contractors (Sb22);
• designers (Sb23);
• central bodies of state power (Sb24);
• local governments (Sb25);
• suppliers of inventory with which construction enterprises interact (Sb26);
• competitors (Sb27);
• other enterprises (Sb28).
• Definition of indicators characterizing the functioning and development of construction enterprises (Sb3j).
• Construction of a model for evaluating the integral indicator of the level of interaction between stakeholders of construction enterprises (Sb). In general, the model of estimation of the integral indicator as follows:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{S}_{b\mathrm{1}j},S_{b\mathrm{2}j},S_{b\mathrm{3}j}\mathrm{}\mathrm{}\end{array}\right\}\subset S_b$,(1)

The economic-mathematical model of integral indicator estimation of stakeholders interaction level of construction enterprises is offered:

$S_b=\mathrm{}{k}_{v\mathrm{1}}x{S}_{b\mathrm{1}j}+k_{v\mathrm{2}}x{S}_{b\mathrm{2}j}+k_{v\mathrm{3}}x{S}_{b\mathrm{3}j}$,(2)

where $k_{v1},k_{v2},k_{v3}$ – are the weight coefficients that determine the influence of stakeholder factors on the integral indicator of stakeholder interaction level in construction enterprises, rel. units; – is the number of systemic stakeholder factors.

• Definition of systemic stakeholder factors of construction enterprises:

$S_{b\mathrm{1}j}=\mathrm{}\sqrt[\mathrm{}n]{\underset{i=\mathrm{1}}{\overset{n}{\prod }}{S}_{b\mathrm{1}ji}}$,(3)

$S_{b\mathrm{2}j}=\mathrm{}\sqrt[\mathrm{}n]{\underset{i=\mathrm{1}}{\overset{n}{\prod }}{S}_{b\mathrm{2}ji}}$,(4)

$S_{b\mathrm{3}j}=\mathrm{}\sqrt[\mathrm{}n]{\underset{i=\mathrm{1}}{\overset{n}{\prod }}{S}_{b\mathrm{3}ji}}$,(5)

where n – is the number of local factors forming systemic stakeholder indicators, rel. units; $S_{b1ji}$ – are the local factors characterizing the functioning of the construction sector rel. units; $S_{b2ji}$ – are the local factors that ensure interaction with construction enterprises, rel. units; $S_{b3ji}$ - local factors characterizing the functioning and development of construction enterprises, rel. units; – is the local factor number.

• Assessment of local factors, which are determined by absolute and relative indicators. To determine the relative indicators, the method of expert assessments is used, and the scale presented in Table 8 is used.
• Estimation of weight coefficients by the method of hierarchies.
• Determination of the integral indicator of the stakeholder interaction level on construction enterprises (Sb).

Conclusion

As a result of the study, an integrated approach to assessing the level of interaction between stakeholders of construction enterprises by using the absolute method, method of expert assessments and method of hierarchies based on a set of interrelated actions was developed, which allowed determining the local, systemic and integral factors for forming a quantitative basis for making managerial decisions to increase the effectiveness of interaction between interested persons in the construction sector.

References

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