Coefficient |
Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
Model 4 |
Intercept, γ00 |
53.2***(2.24) |
39.4***(4.54) |
33.5***(4.73) |
34.8***(3.19) |
The volume of income transfers to the population and taxable income per capita, β1 |
|
0.05**(0.018) |
0.05**(0.017) |
0.05***(0.004) |
The volume of wholesale trade per capita, γ01 |
|
|
0.03*(0.012) |
0.02*(0.009) |
Spatial interactions, λ |
|
|
|
0.43* |
ICC |
0.39 |
0.27 |
0.25 |
0.22 |
Reliability estimate |
0.917 |
0.871 |
0.866 |
0.863 |
The value of the log-likelihood function |
-10843.7 |
-10674.8 |
-10672.3 |
-10662.5 |
Deviance |
21687.4 |
21349.5 |
21344.5 |
21324.97 |
Regular HLM vs. HLM with spatial dependence model comparison test |
|
|
|
χ2 statistic = 7.25** |