Role And Importance Of Neurotechnologies In Development Of Russian Economy

Abstract

The article is concerned with the notion of neurotechnology, its financial and organizational support by the Government and business communities, and the initiation of such significant projects in the USA, Europe, Asia and Russia (namely, the projects of making neutro-networks and processing big data). The role of neurotechnologies in the age of intelligence, knowledge, and “smart” things is shown to lead to appearance of a more perfect technological platform based on high-tech production, innovative decisions, and artificial cognitive systems. The results of the analysis of neurotechnology application prospects in the whole economy of Russia as well as its separate fields and spheres (including medicine, safety, trade, business, marketing, sales, logistics, recreation, education) are presented. Possible positive effects of neurotechnology application are considered, including improved life quality and prolonged life expectancy, labor productivity growth, more comfortable labor conditions (for disabled persons as well), the reduced negative influence of human factor. Risks, dangers, and obstacles to neurotechnology development in the digital economy are also considered, among them the lack of competent personnel, computer crime growth, the insufficient security of integrity, confidentiality, authentication of transmitted information, the violation of an individual’s rights at invasion into his or her personal space. Conclusions and proposals concerning the training of competent specialists, electronic security increase, the promotion of neuro-ideas into society, the development of software products for neurocalculations and big data processing, the improvement of governmental support and regulation methods, the creating of multi-channel financing system are drawn out.

Keywords: Businessdigitaleconomymarketingneurotechnologytrade

Introduction

In the digital economy, the importance of neurotechnologies is very great, as, alongside with the development of Artificial Intelligence, the intense research of human intelligence capabilities is ongoing, and the results obtained will be applied in various areas of human activities in all countries, including Russia.

Neurotechnology is based on the knowledge of the functioning of human nervous system, and this priority research vector is being developing very actively in many countries in the conditions of large directed financing.

All modern achievements in the sphere of innovative neurotechnologies have been obtained, to a great extent, thanks to financial and organizational support by the state and business communities. Thus, in the USA, despite the general reduction of expenses for research and development for the first time in the last 20 years due to the crisis, the expenses for brain research and new neurotechnologies increased to several billion dollars (for this purpose the megaproject “Human Brain Mapping” or “Brain Initiative” was created).

Similar multi-disciplinary megaprojects with close tasks are being developed in the European Union (“Human Brain Project” with 1.3 billion euro financing for 10 years, “Era-NetNEURON”, “Joint Programme – Neurodegenerative Disease Research”) and individual European countries. In Asia (China), the priority scientific research program “Functional Connectome Project” whose purpose is to compose the functional atlas of brain neutral networks for perception, memory, emotions, with 300 million yuans financing for 5 years (with possible prolongation for 5-10 years) is being developed. A joint Chinese-Australian project whose purpose is to study brain within the frames of “Brainnetome” was launched in order to make a new generation brain atlas “Brainnetome Atlas”.

In Russia, attention is increasingly paid to neurotechnologies, and a number of legal acts concerning the characteristics of perspective development of neurotechnologies in the conditions of the digital economy were adopted (for example, Order of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 28, 2017 No. 1632-p “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation”, as well as the Doctrine of Information Security of the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 5, 2016 N 646 and the Strategy for the Development of the Information Society in the Russian Federation in 2017 - 2030 years).

Problem Statement

The main problem is that the Russian economy lags behind the economies of developed countries (the USA, Japan, Germany, Finland, Switzerland, Sweden, Norway and others). It is important to study the extent to which modern and rapidly developing neurotechnologies allow to reduce the current lag thanks to purposeful formation of necessary skills and competencies, making of necessary public policy of regulating and supporting this trend, detecting and neutralizing of threats and obstacles to neurotechnology use.

Research Questions

During the study the following questions were posed:

3.1. What will be the role and significance of neurotechnologies in the upcoming era of knowledge, intelligence, “smart” things?

3.2. What spheres and fields of the Russian economy will especially require the use of neurotechnologies, and in what forms?

3.3. What are risks and obstacles to the development of neurotechnologies in the Russian economy?

Purpose of the Study

In the given article we analyze the role and significance of neurotechnologies in the development of the whole Russian economy as well as its individual spheres and fields, reveal their expected positive effects and, at the same time, possible risks, dangers, unfavorable results and obstacles to the development of neurotechnologies in the domestic economy.

Research Methods

The following research methods were used: a systemic method, and methods of analysis and synthesis which consider the economy of any country as an entity of material and non-material productions including various fields and intersectoral complexes.

Besides, the author used situational, statistic, comparative and expert methods, including the foresight evaluation of neurotechnological impact on the economy in the near and long term.

Findings

Conclusion

On the whole, the analysis of the development of neurotechnologies, their role and significance in the digital economy has shown that it is necessary to make new technological decisions and products, organize neurotechnology-based processes, as well as develop new competencies, train relevant specialists which will be capable to deal with the technologies of this sort. It means the gradual change of educational curricula (including these of economic specialties), the introduction of new or modified curricula, the increased share of practice-oriented tasks and advanced methods of education.

Besides, it is necessary to improve the methods of governmental support and regulation, make the corresponding infrastructure of developing neurotechnologies, take the interrelated measures of increasing electronic security, make the multi-channel system of financing neurotechnologies (at the expense of the Government as well as business communities, and thanks to the development of grant and competition system, the initiation of start-up system). It is necessary to promote such ideas into the society, work much to develop software products of neurocalculating and processing big data.

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