The Supply Chain Practices in a Consumer Staple Food Firm
Table 2: Vertical and Horizontal Differences
| Vertical Integration | Horizontal Integration |
| Ownership has better control through value-adding stages | Less in control |
| Better efficiency vs flexibility | Better flexibility vs efficiency |
| Integrated companies have better advantages | Winning points only upon every stakeholder’s contribution |
| High CAPEX | Low CAPEX, shared ownership |
