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Questions of the test questionnaire with answer options |
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| 1 |
The main document defining the classification of accidents (accidents and incidents) with ships at sea is: SOLAS-74;PRIME-13;CMN-99. |
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| 2 |
Accidents with ships at sea are classified as... collision of vessels; docking impact; accident, very serious accident, incident; fires and explosions on ships. |
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| 3 |
An accident with a vessel at sea shall be deemed to be an accident if there has been an event or a number of events that have occurred in direct connection with the operation of the vessel and have resulted in: loss of life in direct connection with the operation of the vessel; displacement of the cargo carried by the vessel and/or change of physical and chemical properties of the cargo carried by the vessel, resulting in the loss of seaworthiness of the vessel; vessel standing and its grounding for more than 24 hours. |
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| 4 |
An accident involving a vessel at sea shall be deemed to be a very serious accident in case of an event or a series of events which have occurred in direct connection with the operation of the vessel and have resulted in... failure of the main engine;de-energizing the vessel;complete death of the vessel or serious environmental damage caused by the damage to the vessel. |
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An accident involving a vessel at sea shall be deemed to be an incident in case if an event or a series of events other than a maritime accident occurred in direct connection with the operation of the vessel which has threatened or, without being prevented, could threaten the safety of the vessel, its people or any other person, or the environment, namely: vessel standing and its grounding for 24 hours or less; fire on the vessel; failure of the steering engine. |
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| 6 |
An emergency is a dangerous situation that was created as a result of... illness of one of the crew members; reduced visibility at sea; failure (malfunction) of the main equipment of the vessel. |
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| 7 |
Collision is one of the types of navigation accidents, which means: contact or touch between vessels in the course of their movement; touching of subsea objects of natural origin; winding of fishing nets on the screw. |
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| 8 |
The main causes of the collision are: vessel is only partially loaded; vessel moves at night; unsatisfactory observation, non-use or misuse of the ship’s radar. |
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A collision may create the following dangerous situation (emergency): limiting maneuver effectiveness of the vessel; impaired water resistance, loss of buoyancy and stability due to water supply; deterioration of navigation environment. |
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In the event of an emergency or danger, it is important to correctly assess the priorities: safety of life, safety of the vessel, safety of the cargo and protection of the environment; prestige of the company;cargo safety and environmental protection. |
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| 11 |
Fire or burning is: a) tragic phenomenon of burning combustible substances resulting in enormous material losses and loss of life; b)rapid physicochemical oxidation reaction in which the burning substance (solid, liquid, gas) is combined with oxygen at a very high speed, thereby generating energy in the form of heat, light, smoke, toxic and poisonous substances. c) act ofarson of the vessel. |
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| 12 |
The main causes of fire on the ship are: safety violation; negligent handling of open fire; smoking in the wrong places. |
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Features of fires that determine the emergency situation: constituting about 5 % of all emergency cases, 20 % of them end in death or complete destruction of the vessel; significant duration of burning, but the critical period of fire control is 15 minutes from the moment of detection, if during this time the fire is not taken under control the ship will die; numerous ways of spreading fire on the ship (radiation, convection, thermal conductivity, reactivity) and many damaging factors that prevent fire extinguishing (smoke, gas content, flame, high temperatures, possibility of explosions). |
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If a fire is detected on the vessel, any crew member shall: immediately inform the watch assistant of the captain; switch on the manual fire detector in the fire detection system; having reported the place or area of fire occurrence, the crew member, without waiting for further orders and the arrival of the emergency response team, shall combat the fire with all available fire extinguishing equipment in the area and take all possible measures to limit the spread of the fire on the vessel and to prevent explosions. |
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Knowing the exact location of the fire will help to determine: specific place of work of the emergency response team and the class of fire to be prepared to combat; need to disconnect certain ventilation systems; make it possible to determine which doors and dampers should be closed to isolate the fire. |
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Flooding is one type of navigation cases, which means: shipwreck (i.e. the death of the vessel or its complete structural destruction, after which restoration repairs are not feasible) due to collision, docking impact, loss of buoyancy and stability, storm, ice and other damage, as well as displacement of the cargo and overturning or breakage of the vessel. opening of kingston valves; diversion. |
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| 17 |
The main reasons for water entering the hull may be: holes, fatigue cracks; rupture of the seams of the skin, honeycomb, violation of the tightness of the outboard closures of ship systems and devices; line leak. |
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| 18 |
The basis of control over water entry into the hull are: regular measurements of the water level in the bilge holding tanks of compartments; calculations made by the duty engineer; reports of eyewitnesses. |
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| 19 |
Indirect signs of water entering the compartment may be: noise of water entering the compartment; noise of water-extruded air exiting through ventilation and measuring pipes, necks and other openings of the main deck; water filtration through loopholes in places of bulkhead connection with longitudinal elements of the hull, pipelines, in places of cables laying, etc.; heating of flooded compartment surfaces; flat sound when hit by a metal object on the surface of the flooded compartment. |
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Each crew member is obliged to: inform the watch assistant or watch mechanic immediately. The timely start of the struggle for survivability largely determines the end result. The faster the ship’s general alarm is announced, the faster the crew begins the battle for survivability, the more likely it is to minimize damage from the accident; without waiting for further instructions, clarify the location, dimensions, nature of the damage. If the damage is significant and the compartment is flooded, then this information is important for calculating the rate of flooding and choosing means to restore the waterproofness of the hull. if it is possible to de-energize the compartment and begin to repair the damage to the hull, and if this is impossible, then leave the flooded compartment, sealing all its closures. |
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