| Schools of thought |
Economic security pillars |
Main adherents |
Referent objects of security |
| Nationalists-traditionalists |
Positive balance of trade, fiscal stability of the state. The stability and strength of the state is in priority. |
Mercantilists,Antonio Serra |
The state as the main referent object over the free and independent market which leads to abundance of potential threats. |
| Socialists |
Measures to provide justice and equality within society as well as worldwide. Stable and even growth of the well-being of people in priority over fast overall economic growth. |
Henri de Saint-Simon, Robert Owen, Karl Marx |
Society and social actors should be shielded from the effects of the competition of changeable market forces, which provides various threats. |
| Liberals |
The challenges to the security of economic actors (insecurity) to make them more resilient in the long run or being replaced by better-adapting actors to obtain the collective benefit of all involved. Tolerance for inequalities and acceptance of dangerous consequences. The little role for the state. |
Adam Smith, David Ricardo |
The defense of the constant economic restructuring as a referent object. The protection against the protectionist and sovereigntist impulses of states, market actors' oligopolistic tendencies, and egalitarian endeavours in society as significant threats. |
