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Using The Venn Diagram For Developing University Students’ Analytical Geographical Thinking

Table 2:

Content Characteristics by Venn Diagrams Source
Category Specific aspects Similarities Specific aspects
Countries RomaniaBucharest – the capital cityThe Carpathian MountainsThe Black SeaThe DanubeRelief varietyRelief proportionality LeulThe national flagŞtefan The Great Romanian languageTemperate climatePro TvRomaniansRepublicsPrutEminescuOrthodoxy MoldovaChişinău – capitalNo exit to the seaAirportPrevailing plateaus Agrarian country - exemplification / illustration- without mentioning the criteria- highlighting geographical names- focus on some general characteristics Dulamă, 2002, p. 166
People RomaniansPositive features: hospitable, kind, communicative, optimistic, agricultural workers, sensitive, tolerant, intelligent, spontaneous, optimistic, generous, religious, ingenious, friendly, smart Negative features: traditionalist, conservative, speculative, Latin spirit, Balkan mentality, careless, corrupt, boastful, nationalist, proud, greedy, boastful, unpunctual, etc. Educated, creative, flowers and animal lovers, flexible, witty, inventive, artists, adaptable, intelligent, sociable, tolerant, sincere, sport lovers, patriots Dutch peoplePositive features: honest, sincere, traders, efficient, civilized, free minded, practical, tenacious, educated, kind, tolerant, ambitious, urban, pragmatic, friendly, nonconformists, punctual, rigorous, open-minded, serious, clean, disciplined, meticulous, active, etc.Negative features: seriousness, individualism, party lovers, dissolute - resulted from the research- no focus on the general characteristics- analyses based on specific perceptions- a higher degree of subjectivity Dulamă & Ilovan, 2004, p. 230
Concepts SEA- salted water- with a marine basin- connected to the Planetary Ocean -accumulation of water- reduced surfaces compared to the oceans- lower depth towards the oceans LAKE- salty or non-salty water- lake basin (nook) - no connection to the Planetary Ocean -exemplification/illustration- no focus on the criteria that are involved here- focus on the characteristics of the concepts Dulamă, 2008, p. 346
Rivers The Danube- crosses eight countries: Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, Ukraine - 2,860 km length- crosses four capitals Vienna, Budapest, Bratislava, Belgrade - Basin surface: 805,300 km2- tributary to The Black Sea- The Delta - The Rhine-Main-Danube Canal The Rhine- crosses four countries Switzerland, Germany, Holland, Lichtenstein- 1,320 km length- basin surface: 224,000 km2- tributary to the North Sea- estuary - exemplification- no focus on the criteria that are involved here- focus on the characteristics of the concepts and the geographic names Dulamă, 2009, p. 313
Rivers The Danube- 2,860 km length- its spring in The Black Forest Mountains- tributary to the Black Sea- W-E direction- the longest gorge in Europe crossing ten countries and four capitals- the second river in Europe in length - The Delta- The Rhine-Main-Danube Canal- rivers with large basins and many tributary rivers- used for electricity and water suply- fishing, transport, tourism The Rhine- 1,320 km length- springs in The Alps- tributary to the Northern Sea- S-N direction- crosses four countries- the 8th river in Europe in length - resulted from the students’ research - no focus on the criteria that are involved- low focus on the geographical names- focus on the precise numerical data Costa and Antonie, 2006, p. 361
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