| Characteristic |
Traditional advising |
Robo-advising |
| Relationship manager |
Client |
Relationship manager |
Client |
| Account opening, closing and maintenance |
4 |
4 |
1 |
1 |
| Client due diligence and Know Your Customer process |
4 |
4 |
2 |
1 |
| Prospecting and referrals |
4 |
4 |
2 |
1 |
| Financial planning and account aggregation |
4 |
5 |
3 |
2 |
| Investment policy statement |
5 |
5 |
3 |
2 |
| Pre-trade compliance |
4 |
5 |
2 |
1 |
| Proposal generation and trade execution |
4 |
4 |
2 |
1 |
| Portfolio construction |
4 |
5 |
2 |
2 |
| Cash flow and portfolio monitoring |
4 |
4 |
2 |
1 |
| Alerts and rebalancing |
4 |
5 |
2 |
2 |
| Investment research and pre-trade analytics |
4 |
5 |
2 |
2 |
| Advisory |
4 |
4 |
2 |
2 |
| Reporting |
4 |
4 |
2 |
1 |
| Education |
4 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
| Accounting, fees and billing |
4 |
4 |
2 |
1 |