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Translating ‘Jamie Oliver’s Food Escapes’ Cookbook Into Malay: Issues And Challenges

Table 1:

No Translation Procedures Procedures operation
Transference Direct loan of words from SL to TL without any changes.
Literal translation Word-by-word translation according to the grammar of the TL.
Neutralization Translating using two approaches such as functional equivalent or descriptive equivalent.
Recognised translation Translating by using words that are already used in the TL.
Reduction and expansion Reduction is the deletion of the word from ST to TT. Expansion is an addition to the word used.
Couplets Combining several different translation procedures to translate words.
Notes, additions, glosses Addition in texts, notes at the end of the page, notes at the end of the chapter or notes and glossary at the end of the text.
Synonym Using the TL equation closest to the meaning of the target text.
Modulation Convey the meaning of the message in SL message to the TL by changing the view or perspective of the sentences.
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