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The Effect of Innovation Barriers on Construction Firms’ Innovation Orientation

Table 1:

Characteristic Count %   Characteristic Count %
Position Academic
Owner 14 4.6 PhD. 14 4.6
Director 78 25.5 MSc. 87 28.4
Office Employee 169 55.2 BSc. 181 59.2
Field Employee 45 14.7 Dip. 24 7.8
Field Gender
Arch. 217 70.9 Male 187 61.1
Civil & Others 89 29.1 Female 119 38.9
Firm Age Firm Size
10+yrs 162 52.9 Large 104 34.0
1-10yrs 144 47.1 SMEs 202 66.0
Innovation Level Ownership
Non-Parametric 188 61.4 Public 82 26.8
Parametric Modeling 23 7.5 Partnership (private) 37 12.1
BIM & BPM 83 27.1 Private Sole 174 56.9
Scripting 12 3.9 Joint Sector 13 4.2
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