Abstract
The article introduce the results of the attempt to create psychodiagnostic tool for revealing and exploring e teachers’ personal communicative qualities determining ‘subject – subject’ professional interactions in the ‘teacher – student’ system, in particular, ‘subject inducing’ type of interaction. The methodology being discussed can act as a way to obtain sufficiently detailed information about what components of professional skills being diagnosed requires attention and development on the part of a professional interested in improving his mastery in constructive communication, aimed mostly at creating "subject-inducing " relations, which, in turn, determine the actions of the subject of activity. The results obtained indicate: firstly, that the methodology can be used to solve research and practical problems; secondly, that the reality being revealed by the created methodology can be considered not only as a professional skill and ability, but also as the personal communicative qualities of a mature, responsible person whose position in the "Others and Me" system is determined by benevolence, acceptance of responsibility for the relationship nature and real support of the interaction subject.
Keywords: Student’s personality acceptancestudent’s trust in the teacherself-confidenceteacher’s professional impact with no pressure on student
Introduction
According to the ecopsychological types of interaction (Davydov, 1986; Sunnatova et al., 2015; Panov, 2017), the subject-subject type of interaction in the "student-teacher (educational environment)" system is determined by the role position of each of its components and has three sub-types: subject-detached, subject-joint and subject-inducing.
One of the goals of the current research is to study a teacher’s communicative qualities, contributing to the creation of "subject-subject" interaction and, as characteristics of the teacher’s professional "impact" in the "subject-inducing" style, predetermining the formation of student’s activity and subjectivity.
Problem Statement
In pedagogical interaction "teacher-learners", even when the objectives of interaction are coinciding and consistent, - from a teacher's side - to teach, from a student - to learn, - nevertheless, as practice and the results of numerous studies show, authoritarian, dominant, overly cautious and similar styles of interaction obviously remains prevalent. These interaction styles generally do not contribute to the formation of students' subjectivity and their active position, particularly in educational activities.
Interaction from the standpoint of social psychology (Andreyeva, 1998), as the process of actions exchange, includes three aspects of communication creating an important condition for optimizing the joint activity of people and their relations, namely: communicative side that provides information exchange; interactive - organizing interaction, including actions exchange; and perceptual side of communication as the process of perception and knowledge of each other by communication partners, and establishing rapport on this basis.
In the studies conducted by I.V. Dubrovina (1997), A.I. Zakharova (1986), F.E. Vasylyuk (1984), analyzing significant personal qualities of teachers and psychologists providing professional success, there were mentioned such qualities as humanity, empathy and ability of non-judgemental interaction. These are the necessary conditions that ensure mutual understanding between partners in interaction.
In “teacher – student” interaction, adult participant – a teacher – is a leader responsible not only for the nature of the relations themselves, but also for the way in which these relations predetermine the student’s behavior. Moreover, attaining rapport as a certain result of interaction in “teacher – student” and, generally, “adult – child” situation is a zone of adult’s professional / personal responsibility, as it’s an adult who knows, able to and carries out interaction management. It is necessary not only to understand the feelings, desires and actions of another person, but also to be able to show empathy in relation to the subject of interaction on an effective level. This is the way supportive attitude is implemented, which, in education system, often determines the effectiveness of solving professional tasks for teacher, as well as for psychologist and social worker.
Research Questions
So, we’re going to dwell in more detail upon the following questions: what kind of teacher’s communicative qualities contribute to the formation of his subjectivity, and what forms the subject-inducing relationship as a professionally significant type of interaction with students.
Purpose of the Study
Сreation of the technique allowing to reveal communicative features of the teacher which are the basis of "subject-subject" interaction.
Research Methods
There are four characteristics put in the basis for the methodology development, and they determine the scales of the methodology being created:
Each scale includes 11 points indicating situations of interpersonal interactions. For example, Situation No. 1: "A person suffers and does not believe that he can overcome difficulties". Each situation is estimated by the respondent by the method of the semantic differential with 8 pairs of adjectives representing both pragmatist and emotional components. The pragmatist component of communication: behavior, aspirations, motives, for example, "inclusiveness - detachment". Emotional component: states and emotions, for example, "attraction - dislike."
Findings
Methodology approbation was implemented in several stages, with consecutive editing the wordings in the texts describing situations, adjectives / adverbs and methodology instructions on the basis of the obtained data and the results of psychometric analysis.
To prove the correctness of characteristics pairs division into the pragmatist and emotional components, a factor analysis was implemented with the professional participation. Allocated factors and resulting factor loads confirmed the correspondence of empirical and theoretical distribution of characteristics.
Further, a mathematical analysis was implemented for checking the consistency of the methodology points. As a result, the author obtained sufficiently reliable indexes indicating a high level of consistency. That allowed to check the consistency of 12 points on 3 scales (currently – 11 situations and 4 scales). For example, ‘Teacher’s ability to non-judgemental acceptance of a student” obtains 0,789 consistency index in pragmatist component and 0,730 in emotional component. “Creating trustworthy relations” – 0,779 and 0,748 consistency index correspondingly. “Creating student’s self-confidence” – 0,837 pragmatist component and 0,826 emotional component on consistency index. As we can see from the data obtained, pragmatist component indexes are always more consistent than emotional component indexes. This tendency, namely, a certain ambivalence of emotional states, is typical for all three characteristics of professional abilities.
The next step in the methodology approbation was applying it to a group of students studying psychology. The sample included 94 respondents.
Further, the reliability-consistency of the method scales was tested (Table
The data obtained demonstrate rather high reliability rates for all measurement options (Table
Conclusion
The results obtained indicate: firstly, that the methodology can be used to solve research and practical problems; secondly, that the reality being revealed by the created methodology can be considered not only as a professional skill and ability, but also as the personal communicative qualities of a mature, responsible person whose position in the "Others and Me" system is determined by benevolence, acceptance of responsibility for the relationship nature and real support of the interaction subject.
The obtained results on the method discussed, if comprehended and understood, help to analyze, what exactly in the way we interact with others allows us to achieve success, what, contrarily, blocks the success in dealing with people, particularly in professional sphere.
The methodology being discussed can act as a way to obtain sufficiently detailed information about what components of professional skills being diagnosed requires attention and development on the part of a professional interested in improving his mastery in constructive communication, aimed mostly at creating "subject-inducing " relations, which, in turn, determine the actions of the subject of activity.
References
- Andreeva G.M. (1998). Social Psychology. Мoscow.
- Davydov V.V. (1986). Problems of Developmental Education. М.
- Dubrovina I.V. (1997). Psychological Aspects of Preschoolers’ and Schoolchildren’s Mental Health, In I.V.Dubrovina (Ed.) A Practical Psychologist’s Guide: Mental Health of Children and Adolescents In the Context of Psychological Service (pp. 7–19). М.: «Academia».
- Panov V.I. (2017). Subject – Environment Interactions: Ecopsychological Approach Towards Psychic Development. Joint monograph M.O.Mdivani (Ed.). М.: “Pero”.
- Sunnatova R.I., Raikov A.V., Abdullaeva I.D., Kadyrova Kh.A. (2015). Psychological Concept of Personality Spiritual Development in Sufis Doctrine. Joint monograph. “Fan va Technologiya”. Tashkent.
- Vasylyuk F.E. (1984). Psychology of Experience. Critical Situations Overcoming Analysis. М.: MSU.
- Zakharov A.I. (1986). How to Prevent Problems in Child’s Behaviour. М.
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About this article
Publication Date
23 November 2018
Article Doi
eBook ISBN
978-1-80296-048-8
Publisher
Future Academy
Volume
49
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-
Edition Number
1st Edition
Pages
1-840
Subjects
Educational psychology, child psychology, developmental psychology, cognitive psychology
Cite this article as:
Sunnatova, R. (2018). Teacher’s Communicative Skills Generating ‘Subject – Subject’ Interaction. In S. Malykh, & E. Nikulchev (Eds.), Psychology and Education - ICPE 2018, vol 49. European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences (pp. 659-664). Future Academy. https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2018.11.02.76