| Lesson stage |
Teaching form (work) |
Teaching/learning methods, and techniques |
Group |
t-test |
| I |
II |
p = .05 |
| 1. Introduction |
Whole class |
Motivational tasks |
32.5 |
40.0 |
|
| Announcement of lesson objectives |
95.0 |
93.3 |
|
| Announcement and discussion of lesson objectives |
0 |
3.3 |
|
| Checking homework and solving difficult tasks by the teacher on the blackboard |
40.0 |
53.3 |
|
| Checking homework and solving difficult tasks by a student on the blackboard |
7.5 |
6.7 |
|
| Review by the teacher |
57.5 |
63.3 |
|
| Review by a student and questioning of theoretical fundamentals |
50.0 |
60.0 |
|
| Collaborative |
Checking homework in pairs or groups |
5.0 |
10.0 |
|
| Individual |
Checking individual homework by the teacher |
7.5 |
3.3 |
|
| 2. The main stage |
Whole class |
Problem posing |
5.0 |
10.0 |
|
| Lecturing and heuristic conversation |
87.5 |
86.7 |
|
| Formulating of conclusions by a student |
12.5 |
30.0 |
α = .009 |
| Presentation of a variety of examples on the blackboard by the teacher |
65.0 |
30.0 |
α = .037 |
| Presentation of a variety of examples by using slides and the whiteboard by the teacher |
22.5 |
40.0 |
|
| The teacher’s questioning to check students’ understanding |
52.5 |
80.0 |
α = .010 |
| Students’ practice: problem-solving on the blackboard, checking of solutions |
62.5 |
36.7 |
α = .023 |
| Collaborative |
Students’ practice: solving, discussing and checking in pairs and groups |
27.5 |
53.3 |
α = .003 |
| Students’ advising of students |
30.0 |
56.7 |
α = .009 |
| Students’ advising of the class |
22.5 |
26.7 |
|
| The teachers’ advising of groups |
7.5 |
43.3 |
α = .000 |
| Individual |
Textbook analysis by students |
5.0 |
20.0 |
|
| Students’ independent practice: solving and checking |
90.0 |
100.0 |
|
| The teachers’ individual advising |
82.5 |
73.3 |
|
| 3. Summarising |
Whole class |
Homework announcement |
92.5 |
100.0 |
|
| The teacher’s explanation how to do homework |
12.5 |
33.3 |
α = .032 |
| Summarising by the teacher |
95.0 |
93.3 |
|
| Collaborative |
Students’ assessment in pairs or groups |
2.5 |
30.0 |
α = .001 |
| Individual |
Students’ self-assessment (by using individual cards and signs) |
30.0 |
63.3 |
α = .014 |
