Variables |
Measurement / Proxy |
Sources |
Past Study |
EG |
ktoe |
ST |
Harun & Bekhet (2020), Atems & Hotaling (2018), Akber et al. (2017), Bento & Moutinho (2016) |
K |
GFCF (% of GDP) |
World Bank |
Kahouli (2017), Raza et al. (2015), Robalino-López et al. (2015), Apergis & Payne (2012), Bekhet & Harun (2012). |
L |
Labour force |
DOSM |
Bekhet and Harun (2017), Rafindadi and Ozturk (2017), Shahbaz et al. (2015), Bekhet & Harun (2012) |
Y |
GDP (RM Million, 2015) |
ST |
Atems and Hotaling (2018), Rafindadi & Ozturk (2016, 2017), Dogan (2015), Islam et al. (2013), |
NE |
TWh |
Our World in Data |
Bélaïd & Youssef (2017), Afonso et al. (2018), Bento & Moutinho (2016) |
RE |
kWh |
Our World in Data |
Praene et al. (2017), Dogan (2016); Jebli & Youssef (2015), Apergis & Payne (2012), Shahbaz et al. (2012) |