From Paper To Digital: Automating Credit Transfer Processes In Higher Education Institutions
Abstract
The rapid progress in educational technology has created new opportunities for enhancing administrative procedures in higher education. The credit transfer system that currently involves paper-based assessment is mainly affected by having an automated system that can transform from a complex process to an efficient one. The progressive Natural Language Processing (NLP) method has been adopted to automate the manual credit system in this research. This research will answer three research questions: Do NLP methods work best for automating the higher education credit transfer procedure, can cosine similarity and TF-IDF vectorization be applied to effectively model and compare course content for credit transfer purposes and suitable tools and programming languages for the construction and implementation of the system. Five main NLP techniques, including the cosine similarity-based method, TF-IDF (Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency) vectorization, text tokenization, stopword removal, and lemmatization, were applied in developing an automated credit transfer prototype. Comparing two text documents, course content descriptions from diploma and degree institutions produced a similarity matrix that displays the credit transfer result, which was realized using all those NLP approaches. This research highlights the NLP techniques that aid institutions in identifying the best approaches for the credit transfer process to be more effective and efficient through automation.
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Publication Date
01 September 2026
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European Publisher
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Edition Number
1st Edition
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1-1
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Accounting and Finance, Business and Management, Communication, Law and Governance
Cite this article as:
Amin*, N. B. M., Abdul Aziz, F. F., Isa, R., Azizan, N., Kamarzaman, N. S., & Jalal, S. F. (2026). From Paper To Digital: Automating Credit Transfer Processes In Higher Education Institutions. In Y. Naoyuki, A. Peng Hwa, & J. Matthes (Eds.), GLY-Upcoming Volume: Innovating Together: The Convergence of Management, Communication, and The Digital Transformation, vol -. European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences (pp. 85-104). European Publisher. https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2026.09.6