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Public Spending, Corruption, and Human Development: Empirical Evidence in Middle-Income Countries

Table 2: Summary Statistics

Variables Variable Definition Obs Mean S. D Min Max Skewness Kurtosis
HD Human Development (scale 0-1) 392 0.687 0.097 0.423 0.817 -0.780 2.694
CORR Corruption Perception Index (reversed) (scale 0-100) 392 63.936 8.348 35.000 81.000 -0.844 4.377
PSH Public Spending on Health, total (% of GDP) 392 2.869 1.380 1.910 9.981 0.141 2.003
PSE Public Spending on Education, total (% of GDP) 392 4.560 1.607 1.496 10.639 0.902 3.892
GDP GDP Annual rate (%) 392 3.516 3.100 -10.783 19.047 -0.683 6.959
ELECT Access of Electricity (% of population) 392 86.172 19.650 20.560 100.000 -1.434 3.906
EMISS CO2 Emissions (kg per 2015 US$ of GDP) 392 0.603 0.390 0.128 2.471 1.710 6.869
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