Public Spending, Corruption, and Human Development: Empirical Evidence in Middle-Income Countries
Table 1: List of Sample Countries by Income Level
| Upper Middle-Income Countries | Region | Lower Middle-Income Countries | Region |
| Albania | ECA | Bolivia | LAC |
| Azerbaijan | ECA | Cameroon | SSA |
| Belarus | ECA | Congo Rep | SSA |
| Botswana | SSA | Cote d'Ivoire | SSA |
| Brazil | LAC | Djibouti | SSA |
| Bulgaria | ECA | Egypt | MENA |
| China | EAP | El Salvador | LAC |
| Colombia | LAC | Ghana | SSA |
| Costa Rica | LAC | Honduras | LAC |
| Dominican Republic | LAC | India | SA |
| Ecuador | LAC | Lesotho | SSA |
| Gabon | SSA | Mauritania | SSA |
| Iran, Islamic Rep | MENA | Moldova | ECA |
| Jamaica | LAC | Morocco | MENA |
| Kazakhstan | ECA | Nicaragua | LAC |
| Lebanon | MENA | Pakistan | SA |
| Malaysia | EAP | Philippines | EAP |
| Mexico | LAC | Sao Tome | SSA |
| Namibia | SSA | Sri Lanka | SA |
| Peru | LAC | Ukraine | ECA |
| Serbia | ECA | Uzbekistan | ECA |
| South Africa | SSA | Vietnam | EAP |
| Thailand | EAP | Zambia | SSA |
| Turkey | ECA |