Corpus-Based Study Of The Perception Of Russia In The American Discourse (1991-2021)
Table 1: Corpus-based lexical profiles of the word “Russia” (1991-2021)
| Period |
Positive |
Negative |
| 1991-1993 |
democratic |
disintegrating |
| free |
|
| independent |
|
| great |
|
| 1994-1998 |
democratic |
|
| resurgent |
|
| cooperative |
|
| better |
|
| beloved |
|
| 1999-2008 |
resurgent |
|
| contemporary |
|
| democratic |
|
| open |
|
| 2008-2013 |
resurgent |
|
| open |
|
| democratic |
|
| holy |
|
| 2014-2016 |
resurgent |
aggressive |
| great |
assertive |
| encouraging |
|
| greater |
|
| 2017 |
ongoing |
encroaching |
| new |
resentful |
| strong |
tangled |
| resurgent |
sweeping |
| renowned |
so-called |
|
sensationalized |
|
punishing |
| 2018 |
ongoing |
weak |
| top |
Trump |
| resurgent |
rigged |
| strong |
fricking |
| open |
fake |
| 2019 |
democratic |
|
| modern |
|
| contemporary |
|
| resurgent |
|
| 2020 |
resurgent |
imperial |
| open |
assertive |
| modern |
aggressive |
| ongoing |
|
| top |
|
| 2021 |
resurgent |
regime-backer |
|
revanchist |
|
doping-tainted |
|
sanctions-hit |
|
assertive |
|
unwashed |
|
expansionist |
|
phony |
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