Problems Of Lexicographic Interpretation Of The Latest Phraseology Of Russian

Abstract

The article deals with the lexicographic representation of phraseological innovations in Russian. The main problems in describing the latest phraseology are discussed. These questions are the problem of the word-list, the question of the initial form of phraseological unit (from the standpoint of the occasional/systematic transformations and variability/ synonymity), and the item of stylistic notes. Phraseological neologisms are fixed in dictionaries of different types, but none claims for detailed and systematic description. At the moment the task of creating a consolidated complex large dictionary of phraseological neologisms is relevant. Such dictionary will demonstrate the functioning of these units in modern Russian and will provide material to clarify the concept of phraseological neologisms. Complex dictionary suggests the broadest inclusion of units of different types: idioms, media clichés, periphrases, colloquial and slang expressions, phraseological loadings which should be widely illustrated by contexts from the latest Russian media and literature, with possible historical, etymological, cultural commentary. A special sign system will show the possibilities of varying the structure of phraseological neologisms and the presence of optional components, and the reference system will demonstrate synonymous links inside phraseological neology..

Keywords: Dictionary, lexicography, modern Russian, neologism, phraseological unit

Introduction

Phraseological system is a dynamically developing fund. Each time gives rise to special units, and many stable combinations are vivid evidence of the epochs when they appeared. A significant number of phraseological units (PhU) emerges in the recent period (late 20-early 21 centuries). In what dictionaries is this material fixed? What is the specific of the lexicographic description of phraseological neologisms (PhN)?

Problem Statement

Urgent scientific problems are the trends of modern phraseology (Basko, 2108; Bakhmatov, 2019; Chernova et al., 2020) and the questions of lexicographic fixation of phraseological innovations (Mokienko, 2019; Shulezhkova, 2019).

PhN are described in neological, phraseological, explanatory, colloquial and jargon speech dictionaries and lexicographic interpretation directly depends on the concept and tasks of the dictionary. But none of these types presents full set and comprehensive description of PhN (Generalova, 2019). Only a few experimental dictionaries of PhN (Mokienko, 2003; Stepanova & Dobrova, 2018) appeared recently (both published abroad), also there is a dictionary of PhN of a concrete genre (Ganapolskaya, 2015-2016).

Neological phraseography has its certain specific due to the material. Walter emphasizes that with the common functions of lexical and phraseological neologisms, "the semantic neologism of the vocabulary is directly dependent on the conceptual novelty of the designated objects of reality," and phraseology "compensates for the effect of neologicity due to new resources of expressivity, overload of connotations” (Walter, 2011, p. 19). So, a number of theoretical and practical questions of vocabulary description of PhU are to be solved.

Research Questions

One of the main problems of the PhN dictionary is its word-list. Difficulties are caused by the ambiguity both of the concept of PhU and of the concept of neologism. In connection with a narrow and wide understanding of phraseology, new proverbs, periphrases, combinations “preposition+noun”, names of specific historical phenomena, non-expressive composite designations are included or not. Since for neology "the time factor is relevant: those words that are new for one synchronous slice, on another synchronous slice may turn out to be neutral, and other words of the same period are already outdated and left the language" (Burykin, 2016, p. 13), the inclusion of innovations undergoing rapid archaization is debatable (for example, PhU of 1990s).

An important question in PhN lexicography is variability/synonymy of PhU. Due to the large number of transformations PhU have in modern texts (Melerovich & Mokienko, 2001) (especially in media text, which itself often acts as the source of linguistic innovations (Basko, 2015), difficulties arise in deriving the initial form of PhU. In this aspect the question of occasional/systematic is relevant (Davletbaeva, 2012).

Also, system of stylistic notes in PhN dictionary requires careful research as the expressiveness is one of the most important properties of PhU.

Purpose of the Study

The purpose is to study the present lexicographic representation of PhN and to determine the basic positions of the modern PhN dictionary; for what specific of PhN lexicography is described.

Research Methods

The following methods were used: introspective (observation, generalization, classification), a method of the systematic lexicographic description according dictionary parameters, the analysis of dictionary definitions.

Findings

At the moment the task of creating a consolidated complex large dictionary of PhN is relevant. The concept of PhN should correspond the concept of neologism adopted in Russian neography (Kotelova, 1988) which is based at the criteria of the non-fixation in the dictionaries of previous period.

Complex dictionary suggests the broadest inclusion of PhN: idioms, media clichés, periphrases, colloquial and slang expressions, phraseological loadings which should be widely illustrated by contexts from the latest Russian media and literature, with possible historical, etymological, cultural commentary.

A special sign system will show the possibilities of varying the structure of PhN and the presence of optional components, and the reference system will demonstrate synonymous links inside phraseological neology.

An extensive system of stylistic notes should be used.

Conclusion

PhN are fixed in dictionaries of different types, but none claims for PhN detailed and systematic description. The task is to create a consolidated complex PhN dictionary of the Russian language. The main problems in describing the latest phraseology are the problem of the word-list, the question of the initial form of PhU (from the standpoint of the occasional/systematic transformations and variability/ synonymity), and the item of stylistic notes. Such dictionary will demonstrate the functioning of these units in modern Russian and will provide material to clarify the concept of PhN.

Acknowledgments

The work was supported by RFBR grant 19-012-00214 А «A human being and society in the mirror of new phraseology”..

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