Trajectories Of Life Self-Determination Of Russian Students Of Bashkortostan

Values of the Russian students

Value orientations and installations of young people are formed under the influence of macro environment, this social group acts as the subject of public reproduction and dynamics (Mikhailova & Cherkasova, 2015, p. 51). According to our participants of a research, the institute of traditional family takes the major place in value hierarchy. "The family as value No. 1" was marked out by the Russian young men and girls. The value of institute of the Russian family was confirmed with results of answers of students - Bashkirs, Tatars and other nationalities. The regional youth maintains orientation to traditional values. It is the positive social fact, it received reflection within our research. Nevertheless, the detailed comparative analysis of "value answers" of students of different nationalities showed fundamental differences. For the Russian young men other values, for example, friendship are important; work; science - scientific progress; the surrounding nature - fauna. The Russian girls pointed to the value of creativity and volunteer work. For comparison we will note that girlfriends of the Bashkir have the value scale in which were noted: love; money; world and peaceful co-existence. The Tatar young men showed the understanding of value priorities: health; friendship; surrounding nature fauna; antiquarian things. We see by results that the Russian young men choose the most important consolidating values in answers, they consider their global macrolarge-scale influence on all society. The Russian girls allocate the values reference points necessary for harmonization of interpersonal activity at the microlevel.

The Russian young men and girls absolutely equally perceive basic values: family, health, love, world, patriotism. The Russian youth carefully keeps successive focus of all Russians on spiritual priorities. These values popularize institutes of the Russian education of youth.

The Russian young men interpret the true happiness as an altruistic opportunity to give support to the parents. For the Russian girls happiness is to start the close-knit family and to raise children. The Tatar and Bashkir young men, the Bashkir girls comment on most important "ego feeling" of happiness in current trends. For them happiness is an opportunity, to have good physical and sexual health and to watch itself, the appearance.

Many researchers emphasize that "now most of residents of the large and average cities of the Republic of Bashkortostan think of the health and choose various ways of his preservation" (Cherkasova et al., 2017, p. 30).

It is necessary to pay tribute that understanding of happiness in answers of the Russian respondents amplifies necessary material conditions. They didn't receive the status of the dominating priorities at Russians. To create the business and to grow rich – it means to be happy, such prospect became important only at every tenth Russian young man. At the Russian girls the "complemented" option of women's happiness was called - it is - "to work by profession, to receive high salary". The originality of Russians was shown by young men who treated very indifferently (indifferently) a happy alternative constantly "to travel all over the world". Young men are imposed by domestic tourism. Our researchers with deep arguments claim that “in the Republic of Bashkortostan the useful experience of the organization of social tourism, with availability of tourist services, social rounds at the cost of 12000 rubles is accumulated”. The state program was developed for the period from 2018 to 2023) (Petrova, 2020, p. 74). For comparison we will note. The Tatar young men and girls, the Bashkir girls especially marked out the leisure relaxing prospect. These are travel, but only worldwide.

Russian youths like two alternatives: "happiness - living in love - sex" and "happiness to have many friends." Russian girls received the greatest response from other alternatives: "happiness to live in a democratic society and enjoy rights and freedoms," "happiness to protect, protect homeland." So, Russian girls expanded the boundaries of happiness, they added civil-patriotic motives and legal aspects.

Students and universities: before Covid and Covid-pandemic sentiments of youth

Of course, "the student period is important in the life of a young person, since at this time a planned and partially realized individual model of her future socio-professional activity is being formed” (Cherkasova et al., 2018, p. 15). Russian students join with other national focus groups a joint understanding of happiness. This is a happy opportunity to constantly study and raise intellectual level. In a market society for active students, a modern university is a "social elevator" that adapts them in a happy future. Among Russian young men, the university innovation of the beginning of the 21st century received absolutely full support, this is "the study of computer programs for professional activities." For Russian girls, revived Soviet traditions became more important in the system of university "know-how." Among them are "practical training by profession at real enterprises, in institutions, firms" and "in-university disputes and meetings with employers for practice and targeted employment." Thus, Russian researchers say that "the Soviet practice of postgraduate distribution has remained in the past, but at present many universities have cooperation agreements with large companies that employ graduates (Petrova, 2018a, p. 54). Bashkir girls emphasized other university innovations: foreign language training; inter-university internships; self-presentation, dialogue and business negotiations in all situations.

We identified intergender differences in the answers of Russian boys from Russian girls. Young men insist on combining university traditions and introducing a new one: author design; self-development in leisure centres; mastering self-government technologies; Virtual on-line learning scholarship encouragement for all students; knowledge of negotiation technologies; TRP-military-sports development and competitions for especially gifted and talented students.

Note that in the pre-Covid period, Russian and Tatar young men acted as the most demanding subjects of the educational process. Presumably, young oilmen are planning to develop the "Russian Arctic," and this construction of the century excites the minds of Russian patriots, it requires special professional and psychophysical and civic readiness.

If we analyze the events of 2020, then the most important factor in the changes in student life was the transition to a distance form of education in the Covid pandemic-19. To the question of the questionnaire: "How do you feel about distance learning?" - more than half of the respondents declared mixed feelings (and "for" and "against," that is, 50 to 50) - 55.4%; one third of respondents positively accepted distance learning (32.2%), and one in ten spoke extremely negatively about "distance learning." Such a term has even become widespread among young people, it invests neglect in it. Young pessimist skeptics have taken this critical position, probably it is associated with technical problems. Most students were perceived to be moving to a distance-learning alternative in Covid isolation with due civic understanding.

The covid pandemic has become a "natural" accelerator of not only intra-university changes, it has changed the usual way of student life. This is proved by the results of answers to the questionnaire question. The question was: "What statements about self-isolation and distance learning do you support?" Respondents could identify several options. Russian students noted two major trends. One of them is "negative." For each second respondent, "virtual communication with teachers makes it difficult to understand the most complex lectures if they have technical calculations, formulas, tasks, drawings) - 53.1%. Respondents sincerely regret that student life has turned into a study "on the gadget screen" - 47.5%. The amount of time spent on the Internet searching for educational and scientific information has increased. All communications with the student group went into the virtual format-35%.

Another trend is "positive," it includes a whole list of other arguments. Students "have real" savings "on transport, canteen, the purchase of clothes for the university dress code, for the repair of shoes, etc. - 53.1%. Respondents express youthful delight. They "receive professional knowledge in comfortable home conditions" - 32.8%. "Free time appeared for personal planning" - 30.5%. Students learn to conduct self-presentation, maintain dialogue and business negotiations in a virtual format "- 29.9%.

Russian boys and girls preferred two opposite arguments. The first - "student life turned into a study observed on the screen of the gadget." Second - "we get professional knowledge in comfortable home conditions." Russian girls are impressed with "the ability to conduct (itself) a presentation, support dialogue and business negotiations in a virtual format"; "test certification and virtual performance control." Russian youths like the following innovations: "I have free time for personal planning"; "the process of personal mastering of new computer programs was updated"; "self-discipline and responsibility have become my natural norm of life"; "attracts a free form of training with the help of video lectures by teachers of Russian universities"; "the introduction of independent virtual learning with online lectures and seminars has begun"; "the development of student creative professional projects has intensified. Thus, for most young students, distance learning is a responsible form of obtaining professional knowledge about the oil and gas chemical industry. Some young men "shy away from studying and miss virtual classes." Unfortunately, the Covid pandemic period retained the division of students into "students who have completed their studies" and "failing".

Russian students about plans for a postCovid future

University socialization is a process of institutional formation of not only professional, but also civic self-determination of youth in special quarantine conditions. Young people's reflections on the postcode future pose quite difficult dilemmas for students. Russian young men and other young men from national focus groups also plan to "move to live in another region of Russia" after graduating from an oil university. It is possible that some young individuals are entailed by the "Arctic epic" and highly paid work in the North.

Russian young men and girls in the near postCovid time dream of getting a diploma and starting working in a specialty. In future, some young men focus on additional education; at a career in power structures or in political parties. Some Russian girls think of doing business; health; Travel the world. Note that these vital values for them are extrapolated into post-university dream plans.

So, Russian students set themselves quite feasible postgraduate life plans, which include educational, career and family issues, the implementation of which requires them social mobility and great responsibility for the fate of and loved ones.

Russian students about leisure: a preCovid and Covid pandemic view

"Elevator education and elevator business require a large mental and psychophysical cost from a young person, which is necessary to make up for in the field of leisure" (Cherkasova, et al., 2016, p. 10).

It is important for researchers to understand how this complex preparation and the change of active activities from the educational - educational phase to the recreative phase takes place in reality. A typical regional model of preCovid rest of Russian students turned out to be very trivial. Russian young men as a recurring leisure indicated the option - "I visit movies." Russian girls preferred a material and economical vacation - "I love walking through the streets of my favorite city, in city parks."

Russian boys and girls have absolute similarities in two positions. Firstly, these students are "temporarily employed, they financially provide for themselves." Secondly, "they read a lot of textbooks, fiction, browse electronic information sites." Tatar boys and girls said that at leisure they really like to visit, listen to Tatar modern music, sing national songs.

In the preCovid period, Russian boys and girls chose identical forms of leisure according to the proposed list of answers. They attach particular importance to recreation, which significantly differs from each other. Russian girls are more inclined at leisure to help parents and engage in household life, volunteer work. The authors are right, claiming that "volunteering is organically included in the life world of Russians, taking into account the accumulated everyday, historical experience, sensual and emotional assessments" (Petrova, 2018b, p. 99). Russian boys pointed to the most important and less important forms of off-university pastime for them. We give variants of male answers in descending order: "I am sitting on the Internet"; i do sports; sleep; fond of hobbies; I care about animals; Study foreign languages; visiting nightclubs; interested in exhibitions and museums; I love hiking; I go to the stadium as a fan; raising children; I visit city creative clubs for self-development. Russian girls bring to the traditionally home closed and creatively aesthetic, measured rest. Some Russian girls watch health and appearance at leisure, others attend the Orthodox Church. At this point, we cannot disagree with the authors who argue that "young citizens of Russia perceive religions as" social spheres that regulate certain norms of the life of their people (Petrova, 2016, p. 69).

Bashkir girls chose special forms of leisure: listen to music; interested in exhibitions, concerts; Learn foreign languages; visit creative city clubs; go to nightclubs; have a home hobby; sleep at leisure; travel to countries. The study showed that the culture of recreation and self-organization of young people at leisure in different nationalities has an obvious specificity.

Russian youth and their response to current and covid pandemic problems

Russian students noted a number of problems that cause them a certain level of concern: rising prices and taxes; the purchase of mortgage housing by young people; the state of health, especially in rural areas; the level of patriotic education of the younger generation in the conditions of sanctions confrontations Russia -West -USA; interstate relations between Russia and Ukraine. As we see, the "Slavic problem" for Russian youth is a fundamental and important issue.

The social life of Russians in the Covid pandemic-19 has been significantly transformed, it has gained new features of social and everyday "closeness," intra-family conflict and "Internet communication dependence."

Young Russians demonstrate the endurance and traditional "Russian" patience from quarantine and sanitary restrictions. The youth of Bashkortostan did not protest against quarantine measures of personal and public security, as was observed in European capitals. Youth retained hope for the upcoming large-scale vaccination of the population.

In the beginning of 2021 students evaluate the modern stage in the personal world perception system. It demonstrates the "youth optimism" that is natural for this age group. Modern life is arranged by seven people out of ten respondents. This is a layer of "young optimists," respondents said that "they live well" - 44.1% and "they live well" - 20.3%. A third of the students surveyed expressed the opposite point of view. They faced problems from the Сovid pandemic-19, which worsened their living conditions. Students evaluate negatively all modern realities. Of course, this is the category of "young pessimists." They or their families have experienced Сovid disease and psychophysiological consequences, social and material expenses. Therefore, for this contingent of respondents, 2019 and 2020 are associated only with negative emotions and phobias.

About a third of the interviewed boys and girls deny sanitary and epidemiological requirements, they demonstrate individual freedom and a position of civil disobedience. They were called dissident covids. On the contrary, seven out of ten respondents surveyed take a responsible civil position, they comply with security requirements. These students wear masks, gloves, have sanitizers, observe a personal distance.

Student society in the pandemic faced a number of problematic situations. This is a change in the forms of "open" leisure and entertainment to a home "closed" vacation - 41.8%. For the mobile socio-demographic population, this problem has provoked negative consequences. Firstly, conflicts intensified in families and between friends, and secondly, psychological tension was manifested in individuals at the intra-personal level.

About a third of respondents noted in the answers a variety of alternatives due to the long "closed" home existence-self-isolation: some students began to work at the "distance" -37.9%. Young people have a need for healthy lifestyle and sports leisure due to a sedentary lifestyle and constant snacks-32.2%. Psychological tension and stress manifested in 29.9% of respondents. Internet dependence increased -28.2% of respondents. A quarter of respondents indicated a decrease in material income of the family-24.3%. One in five respondents began searching for material income through self-employment-20.3%. In people, the cost of mobile communications and the repair of computer equipment increased - 16.4%. Dismissal, loss of earnings, job search took place - 15.3% of respondents. Thus, the pandemic-19 reduced the material standard of living of Russians, as stated by Russian respondents.

Every tenth participant of a research chose the various options reflecting him personal problems experiences in a stage of distribution of a Сovid pandemic-19. Some respondents were concerned by an external international situation (sanctions, protests, "color revolutions" in "neighboring countries" and threat of world war)-14.7%. Other students endured covid - infection and a disease, they received free treatment and drugs, underwent medical rehabilitation-13 of %. Respondents received a social benefit and financial support (for pensioners, children, disabled people)-10.2%. At Russians the moving to a country house, on giving-13% took place. At some - chronic diseases because of nerves and from nervous overfatigue-12.4 of % became aggravated. In a pandemic the family conflictness increased-10.7%, also quarrels arose with the friends familiar-10.2 to %.

The study showed that life in diverse manifestations in pandemic conditions does not stop, it acquired a different dynamic with domestic dominant. If you pay attention to the gender perspective of our respondents, then the opinion of Russian boys and girls coincided on two options for answers: "Internet dependence has increased" and "there has been a dismissal with loss of earnings and search for work." Thus, the pandemic very significantly affected the lifestyle of all Russians, and only 4.5% of respondents said that nothing had fundamentally changed.

Russian families during the Сovid pandemic: a conflict review

Conflicts in Russian families were caused by a variety of causes. Four out of ten respondents pointed to the current state of "psychological tension arising from long-term communication with each other" in the confined space an apartment or house - 39.5%. A quarter of respondents noted an alternative - "there was a decrease in the family budget" -23.7%. Every fifth named among the reasons - "Internet dependence" -21.5%. Three causes of family conflicts were highlighted by Russian youths and girls as the most important in the current Сovid period. Further, respondents noted the options: "job loss and unemployment" -15.3%; "there is no desire to do anything" -14.1%. On average, one in ten respondents stated such typical household reasons as a conflict of relationships - "fathers and children" -11.9%; non-fulfillment of urgent household affairs and instructions - 10.7%; "alcoholic leisure of parents" -9%; upbringing of children - 9%. Very specific and, most likely, situational causes of family conflicts were not neglected: covid infection and family member disease - 7.9%; walking with friends and violation of self-isolation - 7.3%; dependencies (smoking, spice, alcohol, etc.) -4.5%; growth of virtual purchases, unnecessary things - 4.5%; care for older family members - 4 per cent; culinary and food claims and whims - 3.4%; care for pets - 2.8%; sexual reproaches - 2.3%.

We are pleased with the positive trend, four people out of ten respondents said that they did not have family conflicts - 40.1%.

Covid-pandemic conflict "tested" Russian families, what level of love they have for each other and the strength of relationships. According to most respondents, their family was able to reflect this external Сovid threat, which provoked "a closed family life; virtual communication with friends; lack of money, unemployment; oppressive fear for the lives of loved ones and for their lives. " In conditions of Сovid isolation, the institution of the Russian family reserves the status of a self-sufficient collective entity that resolves conflicts. Six out of ten respondents surveyed confirmed that family "cooperation" is the best tactic, it allows them to overcome social and everyday and interpersonal contradictions. The obtained results of the answers convince that Russian families with "children-students of universities" choose cooperation, not confrontation. They prove stability and stability, internal social immunity to Сovid-quarantine isolation and to "post-traumatic stress" from prolonged joint pastime and everyday routine.

Russian boys and girls pointed to the same methods of conflict resolution. The methods are: I consult with close people; I'm talking to my boss; I'm talking to a teacher. Russian students resolve conflicts within the constitutional and legal framework, they are law-abiding citizens. Students combine collective technologies and personal receptions (I communicate with friends; I actively and promptly solve everything myself).

Russian students and their postCovid predictions of the future

The post-Soviet generation of youth is a new generation "Z," it openly shows the society of the elders (people "X" and people "Y") worldview youthful maximalism, bipolarity of personal attitudes, alternative positions.

Predicting the future, four students out of ten respondents emphasized that they will remain afraid for the health and life of loved ones - 44.6% and the habit of observing security measures everywhere and in all 40.1% will remain. The Covid pandemic and its consequences negatively affected the youth society, they provoked a sense of temporary uncertainty and uncertainty, concern about fatalities. According to the results of the study, it can be seen that one out of ten respondents suffered from Covid infection, and four out of ten acquired psychological fear. In the consciousness of these young individuals, the understanding of the eternal dilemma - "about life and about death" has intensified. Such phobias in young people need adjustment. So, mass vaccination of the Russian population and a decrease in the number of diseases will gradually overcome these neuropsychiatric moods in young individuals. It should be emphasized that Russian girls retain phobias for the lives of their native people, and Russian boys have fear for health.

A third of Russians of respondents remain optimistic, they believe that everything will return "to places" in the life of all countries and peoples of the world - 32.2%. The remaining part of the respondents supported the diametrically opposite opinion, it connects the future with conflicting and forceful interstate confrontations. Every fifth respondent is convinced that the arms race will continue in the biogenetic, bacteriological spheres - 20.3%. Some respondents are convinced that the virtual information "struggle for the brains of youth" will intensify - 15.3%. New pandemics will appear in the world - 15.3%. Some countries will begin to close borders or restrict the entry of foreigners - 14.7%. Tourist ties between the countries will decrease - 13.6%. Russia will form security in all areas (for example, in military, electronic technology, food, environmental) - 1.9%. Interstate conflict, sanctions (East -West -Russia) will increase -9% of respondents. Some countries will unite, they will together fight new challenges and threats to the world - 6.2%. Religious extremism, terrorism will expand in different countries - 1.7% of respondents.

For the younger generation, the "postcode life of society" appears filled with international events with conflict-related threats. 8.5% of respondents found it difficult to answer the forecast question, they showed apolitical and neutral, not involved in assessing upcoming external events.

Russian boys and girls are sure that everything will be like a Covid; the arms race in the biogenetic and bacteriological spheres will continue; the virtual information struggle for the brains of young people will intensify; some countries will begin to close borders or restrict the entry of foreigners.

The overwhelming majority of thinking and reflecting student youth in predictions of the future intuitively anticipate the exacerbation and expansion of the range of those macro problems that, at the present stage, are already causing public excitement and concern.