Digitalization Of Education In The Context Of Modernization Of Russia

Abstract

The aim of the study is to actualize the contradiction between the form and content of digital technologies in science and education, which is becoming the problem of modernizing Russia. The main research methods are hermeneutic and axiological, as well as a systems approach. The main results of the study are that when digital technologies are introduced, content elements of the Western world is often introduced into Russian society, which do not correspond to the existing cultural and historical traditions of Russian society. As a result, the proper level of modernization is not ensured and society is in fact, thrown back. The conclusion that the authors come to is that for modernization to be carried out productively, it is necessary, when introducing digital technologies, to fill the forms of the global world as content with a culture that was formed in the course of historical development and rooted in the reality of Russian society. Content of modernization, which is carried out on the basis of digital technologies, should come from an authentic, not a global culture, which is unique in its essence. Culture is the personification of the content of social life, therefore it is she who must fill all social forms. The novelty of the work lies in substantiating the idea that digital technologies should not contradict the socio-cultural characteristics of Russian society, but correspond to them and even take care of their safety

Keywords: Education, science, modernization, digitalization, innovation, Russian society

Introduction

All digital technologies exist and are being implemented in virtual reality. Virtual reality has always existed in the social world and will continue to exist as long as humanity exists. Virtual reality is the reality of morality, laws, documents, written monuments, scientific theories, ideas, etc. This is the world of social consciousness that indeed controls the social world. Humanity is guided by it in its actions and deeds. More significant is not the objective social world, the virtual world. It is a metasocial world, a world based on metanarratives - concepts, myths, different world views, etc. The modern social world is rationalized and even, in a certain sense, intellectualized in the sense that its center of gravity is transferred from the embodied material level to the virtual one. This is, in fact, a feature of the information society.

Problem Statement

The modern information society has made a restructuring of the entire structure of higher education inevitable (Bowen, 2018). The sphere of educational services is becoming an institution of the information space. This presupposes the transformation of the entire education system and the educational services market. We can say that education is becoming the country's national wealth. Therefore, the modernization of education becomes a necessary condition for the development and provision of social progress in line with the development of the entire modern civilization. In the new historical conditions, science and education become capital, which can extremely strongly affect the level of development of the entire society and the way of its functioning (Kuzmenko, 2018).

Research Questions

The form is of a civilizational nature, and this is especially important in the modern conditions of globalization. Therefore, the very modern historical situation presupposes the universalization of all social forms. Forms in society should be similar to the form of society itself. But if a society is globalizing, then this means that its form is equally becoming global. The global form of society requires the globalization of all forms.

Purpose of the Study

The aim of the study is to actualize the contradiction between the form and content of digital technologies in science and education, which is becoming the problem of modernizing Russia.

Research Methods

The methodological basis of the research was made up of fundamental and applied research on the problems of digitalization, information society, modernization, globalization, as well as the current state of education and science, materials of scientific and practical conferences.

Findings

Digital technologies should not contradict the socio-cultural characteristics of Russian society, but correspond to them and, moreover, take care of their safety. Only then will the ultimate goals of digitalization and modernization be achieved.

When it comes to modernization, it is supposed to reach the appropriate level of Western countries, and this implies borrowing Western ideology and technological models. And this often leads to undesirable consequences and destructive phenomena.

Of course, it is necessary to have the experience of leading countries as a guide. The mechanical reproduction of their experience cannot be productive. It is necessary to take into account other people's experience, but copying, as a rule, does not give the desired result. Therefore, it is necessary to follow our own path, taking into account the prevailing domestic peculiarities. The lesson that history teaches is invaluable. After all, the problem of modernization faced Russia more than once in the past.

In particular, this is clearly demonstrated by the reign of Peter the Great. Successful modernization took place only when it was carried out on the basis of a synthesis of Western models and national culture, when the introduced Western innovations were carried out taking into account historical traditions. In this case, modernization acquired a systemic character and led to the transformation of the entire society. Russian culture itself can be considered as a model. At the beginning of its formation, literature, theater, painting, music in Russia were based on European models, but at the same time they acquired a distinctive character.

Obviously, success accompanies when Western forms are filled with original content. The problem of Russian society, both in the broad and in the narrow sense, is not the lack of a level of development, but the fact that this development is not carried out in forms that are understandable and accessible to the global world. Therefore, the primary task here is to ensure the conformity of form and content. The form must be universal and accessible, but the content must be unique. Moreover, the more unique and distinctive the content (with a universal form), the more it is appreciated.

The universality, on the basis of which globalization is built, presupposes a universal connection of everything with everything. The process of globalization is aimed at making connections linear and one-dimensional, while human existence is not one-dimensional, but multidimensional. One-dimensionality can cover only one side. Globalization really implies universality and is built on one dimension. She is interested in the social world of a person in one dimension. It is based on reduction, simplification, the desire to reduce the complex to the simple, accessible.

Globalization is a simulacrum of sociality. Just as a simulacrum is a copy, so globalization creates its own society, to some extent a copy, a reproduction of natural society. Sociality in itself is a complex, and most importantly, a multidimensional phenomenon. Sociality has an external and an internal side. The outside is built on universality and unification. In addition to the external, there is also an internal side, which is expressed in culture. Why does culture reflect the inner side of social life? Because it dwells primarily in the inner world of a person. The culture of a society is the aggregate inner world of people who form a society. Sociality has form and content (Kuzmenko, 2019). On the surface, society is, of course, primarily a form. But there is content behind the form. Globalization presupposes only form, only the outer side. Globalization provides only a framework, a skeleton of sociality, but the richness of human relations in public life remains outside its field of vision. Sociality necessarily provides for culture, globalization excludes it. Globalization is civilizational. Just as civilization and culture are opposites in the concept of cultural-historical types by Danilevsky (2018) and Spengler (1993), so in fact, globalization and culture are opposed.

Historically, sociality develops on the basis of culture, becoming the form in which it is clothed. In other words, sociality grows out of culture. Culture is primary, sociality is secondary. In the case of globalization, the opposite is true. In fact, there is only a process of globalization; culture is simply ignored. They often talk about the phenomenon of cultural globalization. However, it is quite rightly noted that globalization embraces economics most of all, politics less, and culture least of all. Culture cannot be globalized, because it is built not on universality, but on uniqueness and originality. Globalization is characterized by universality, which culture cannot be inherent in.

Universality cannot penetrate the depths of culture, but this does not mean that globalization can completely isolate itself from the phenomenon of culture. No matter how isolated globalization from culture, without culture in general it cannot exist. However, traditional culture is not acceptable to her. The global world at best can be tolerant of it, tolerate it, but not interact. Globalization is not complementary to culture, and culture itself cannot be globalized. Then globalization creates its own global culture. Global culture is a rather unique phenomenon. There is no longer natural culture that is naturally created and presupposes uniqueness. This is a culture whose principle of existence is universality. The inner world, moral convictions, life outlook, religious principles, the level of spiritual development of people in such a culture do not have value and significance (Melikov & Skorodumova, 2020).

This is a global form of modernization. You may or may not like it. It doesn’t matter, because we are talking about necessity, inevitability. Another thing is the content of modernization, which is carried out on the basis of digital technologies. It should come from an authentic, not a global culture, which is unique in its essence. Culture is the personification of the content of social life, therefore it is she who must fill all social forms (Melikov, 2020).

Conclusion

Successful modernization of the society entirely depends on the quantity and quality of training of the relevant personnel. In this issue, as in almost all others related to ensuring the appropriate social progress, the cadres decide everything and, accordingly, act as a decisive factor.

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