| No. |
Challenge |
Characteristic |
| 1 |
2 |
3 |
| 1 |
Low GDP rates |
2014 – 0.7 %2015 – 3.7 %2016 – 0.2 %2017 – 1.5 %2018 – 2.3 %2019 – 1.3 % (GlobFinance, 2020) |
| 2 |
Low rates of investment in fixed assets |
2014 – 98.5 %2015 – 83.9 %2016 – 99.8 %2017 – 104.8 %2018 - 104.8 %2019 – 101.7 % (RF finanz, 2019) |
| 3 |
High rouble volatility |
Rouble ranks second in the world for this indicator. Above is only the Mexican peso (Feinberg et al., 2020). |
| 4 |
Insufficient capitalization of commercial banks |
The first hundred in the world rating includes the only Russian bank – Sberbank – 63rd place. VTB is approaching the first hundred – 113th place. A virtual bank with the total assets of the banking system could occupy only 24 lines. |
| 5 |
Capital export |
According to S. Glazyev, USD 1 trillion was exported from the country over 30 years, according to Bloomberg experts – USD 750 billion, according to MGIMO professor V. Katasonov USD 3 trillion – over the past 10 years (Makeev, 2019). |
| 6 |
Capital outflow by tourists |
USD 34 billion (Vitvitsky, 2020) |
| 7 |
Damage caused by corruption in public procurement |
About RUR 2 trillion (Silko, 2020) |
| 8 |
Bioresource smuggling damage |
Over 80 % of Russian timber is illegally exported to China. Timber and furniture for USD 20 billion has been sold abroad (Interfax, 2013).A similar situation has developed with seafood in the Far East and Murmansk. |
| 9 |
Cyberattack loss |
Russian banks are subject to cyber attacks 1.6 times more often than the world average. According to Group-IB, hackers attack one or two banks on average a month in Russia. The damage is RUR 132 million or USD 2 million. In 2019, losses from cyber attacks were likely to amount to RUR 1.6-1.8 trillion, therby exceeding the amount of the digitalization project (Volkov, 2018). |
| 10 |
Food loss |
Over 17 million tons of food is thrown away annually, amounting to RUR 1.6 trillion (Inozemtsev, 2020). |
| 11 |
Social challenges: |
|
| - poverty |
20 % of the population have incomes below the subsistence level; 50 % of the population spend money on food, clothing and utilities alone; there is almost no middle class. |
| - income stratification |
The ratio of the income of 10 % of the poor to the income of 10 % of the rich is 1:15, and in large cities up to 1:5 and 1:100, against the critical ratio of 1:7. This indicator is aggravated by local asymmetry. |
| - migration deformities |
Today, 12 million people live in Moscow. In Greater Moscow, the concentration of residents will reach 35 million. The population beyond the Urals is 12 million. The country has more than 12 million migrants from Central Asia, representing a low-skilled labor force. The nation is aging, the total fertility rate is 1.5. |
| - expensive medicine |
Since early 2020, drug prices are projected to rise by 10 %. |
| - constant avalanche-like increase in utility tariffs |
In recent years, utility tariffs have been growing at an outstripping pace, above the inflation rate. |
| - practical loss of primary health care |
In a number of regions, the staffing of doctors in hospitals is about 30 %. |
| - deteriorated quality of the entire health care |
Focus on passing the Unified State Exam, rather than gaining knowledge; high proportion of paid education at universities; ill-considered transition to a two-tier higher education system. |
| - irrational transport logistics |
Over 80 % of air traffic between regions transits through Moscow |
