The Main Methodological Approaches To The Practical Study Of Painting

Abstract

The article deals with the importance of painting in the system of the artistic disciplines taught in universities. The article studies the problem of insufficient attention to the practical artistic disciplines. The article deals with the problems that arise when training architects and designers. On the basis of practical lessons in the discipline "Painting", the most significant problems that students face working with color are identified. A new approach to the study of color, color perception, technology of color space transmission made it possible to develop an integrated approach to solving the problem. The practice-oriented integrated approach involves the practical solution of educational problems, using artistic and graphic means. The work emphasizes the importance of artistic cultural heritage, analyzes the conditions under which methodological approaches to the practical study of painting can be implemented. The study highlights the importance of artistic disciplines when training future professionals. The article analyzes a number of methods and approaches in the educational system of universities, which is based on the cultural component of traditional Russian education and a unique system of practical research in the art of painting, education, and enlightenment. Based on the historical method of cognition and the systematic method of research, a special role is allocated to the domestic education system as an art school and a factor of general cultural development in university education. Conditions for solving the methodological problems and developing domestic architectural and art schools are described.

Keywords: Education, painting art, high school, methods

Introduction

Painting is an expressive and attractive field of art. In the system of fine arts studies, an important part belongs to the art of color, harmony and methods of working with color. All these criteria are united by one subject – Painting. In developing professional skills, complex methodological tasks are important. The study and generalization of research on visual arts, architecture and design make it possible to assert that practical disciplines, which are based on the study of color and visual activity, contribute to the formation of professional knowledge. Based on the experience of domestic and foreign schools, a modern system of practical development of artistic disciplines can be created. In the educational programs on "Architecture" implemented by MSSU, methodological instructions, and working curricula for practical classes, creative artistic disciplines were developed. As a result of the analysis, it became necessary to expand educational technologies and methods. In particular, the area of ​​changes affected artistic-graphic and painting works. The practical tasks were determined: knowledge about the basic proportional ratios in the drawing; methods of image in painting and graphics; the ability to perform practical tasks in painting, using various graphic and painting materials. The educational process in practical classes, based on the laws of perspective, basic artistic principles, when creating sketches, should be a priority. A set of professional skills remain important when developing artistic project ideas; skills in solving creative problems; gaining knowledge of color and color laws. These criteria were emphasized in Aksenova and Pervykh (2020), Ulianova (2019), Baryshnikov and Shishov (2020), Trofimova and Rodionovskiy (2018). This process should be based on typical practical assignments. The composition of a typical job should be a job performed from nature (Trofimova, 2016). The changed system of modern education is a matter of concern for the teaching staff (Ryzhakov & Shishov, 2019). Practically proven methodological instructions for classes is the basis of the educational process, an important principle in working with art materials and learning about the nature of color. The need to study color is no less important than the study of painting techniques. Therefore, the study of color, its features is a natural and necessary stage. The preservation of the academic education system and the discipline "Painting", as part of the teaching methodology is a priority task.

Problem Statement

In the process of rapid growth of innovative technologies, there are a number of issues related to the methodology of modern higher education. Technologies of convenient, modern relationships associated with technical progress, technological innovations and information transfer means overlap the traditional forms of the educational process. The main task of the pedagogical cycle has always been a paradigm of the main educational program. Its main requirements are to teach a future specialist and create conditions for the development of professional skills and abilities. The problem is the replacement of the traditional methodology and technology of the pedagogical process by innovative technologies and information technical means. The toolkit is only an auxiliary means of achieving the goal of education. The problem of preserving the methodological approaches to the practical study of disciplines is urgent. The solution to this problem is to develop methods and methodological approaches to the study of practical disciplines. The question is conditions under which the need to create a new educational system would been implemented. Changing priorities in new educational solutions determine that the problem of preserving national interests, cultural and historical heritage, traditional art and architecture schools remains unresolved.

Research Questions

Methodological approaches to the practical study of painting.

Analysis and synthesis of data on the state of the problem.

Technologies and methods used in design solutions depicting visualization by means of painting.

Purpose of the Study

The research purpose is to analyze pedagogical methods for solving educational problems of artistic disciplines; to assess criteria for developing skills and abilities in the process of practical training in "Painting"; to develop an effective methodology for mastering artistic disciplines.

Research Methods

In educational practice, the methodology for developing practical skills when studying artistic disciplines cannot be developed without taking into account individual psychophysiological characteristics of an individual. Understanding the world of the objective and depicted is based on the laws of technologies and methods of representation and visual perception of an individual. In the educational visual practice, a number of pedagogical tasks are solved.

1. Teaching the basics of light tonal and tonal images of the subject line.

2. Mastering the compositional laws of construction on the picture plane.

3. Understanding spatial changes in color and tone in a light-air environment.

4. Mastering the color and harmonies of the color range.

5. Teaching drawing, as the basis for constructing any image.

6. Mastering the principles of painting with various graphic and pictorial materials.

Solving these tasks, methods and technologies are required.

The research is based on the following methods:

1. The historical method of cognition, based on the study of samples of academic painting and drawing, in particular, on the development of the Russian academic school, the architectural heritage of Russia.

2. The systematic method for studying foreign art and main achievements in the theory and practice of painting. Systematization and analysis of historical samples of academic art and foreign art made it possible to draw conclusions.

3. Practical experiments to prove the hypothesis and reveal patterns in the research results.

4. The creative analysis and the subject-analytical method.

5. The systematic method made it possible to create methodological materials used in further pedagogical activities.

The stages of research were determined by the methods listed above.

Findings

In teaching creative disciplines, the main methods of mastering a practical subject were identified. On the example of the discipline "Painting", the main tasks were identified.

The criteria of knowledge, skills and abilities are as follows.

Knowledge of the methods of visualization and modeling. The main ways of expressing artistic design, including graphic, painting and model tools and computer modeling.

Visual literacy skills. The image of the spatial environment in drawing and painting, modeling of taking into account texture, color and tonal relations. Skills in solving creative problems by the means of artistic expression.

Abilities to conduct project research, including historical / cultural one; to use the methods of working with bibliographic and iconographic sources; to draw up the result of work on collecting, processing and analyzing data; to understand the peculiarities of color perception and color relations in space; to develop professional culture.

Conclusion

In modern educational programs, tasks for the study and analysis of artistic heritage have become a academic norm. The formation of a new level of training in architecture and design is impossible without the analytical substantiation of historical heritage. The basis of these programs is drawing and painting from nature. The image in drawing or painting has always been a genuine study of the foundations of graphic literacy. The laws of light and color, shape were comprehended using this technique. Classical examples of the art of painting, the tasks of copying outstanding works, as well as theoretical, research knowledge in this area are essential. Based on this, it can be concluded that knowledge, skills and abilities are enriched in practical and research activities; they are enriched by museum and art funds (Trofimova, 2016; Trofimova & Rodionovskiy 2018; Zabalueva, 2018).

A priority task in education is the development of guidelines and programs based on the practical study of a discipline. The importance of the art of color has been emphasized in scientific works, since modern construction and design of all areas requires this knowledge. Knowledge in the field of art and culture has enriched any specialty. The demand for bright or restrained visualization is relevant. Practice should be focused on modern technology, based on the academic school of visual literacy (Popov, 2019). In this context, it is important to create new educational programs for professional training that contribute to the development of a personality of future specialists. According to the results of scientific research, it can be argued that the need for aesthetic, artistic development in the education system is in demand.

References

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About this article

Publication Date

17 May 2021

eBook ISBN

978-1-80296-106-5

Publisher

European Publisher

Volume

107

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Edition Number

1st Edition

Pages

1-2896

Subjects

Science, philosophy, academic community, scientific progress, education, methodology of science, academic communication

Cite this article as:

Ulianova, N. B. (2021). The Main Methodological Approaches To The Practical Study Of Painting. In D. K. Bataev, S. A. Gapurov, A. D. Osmaev, V. K. Akaev, L. M. Idigova, M. R. Ovhadov, A. R. Salgiriev, & M. M. Betilmerzaeva (Eds.), Knowledge, Man and Civilization - ISCKMC 2020, vol 107. European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences (pp. 1649-1653). European Publisher. https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.05.218