| Variable |
Measurement |
| Demographic |
By measuring gender, age, year of study, student CGPA and hours spent by respondent in their study in a day. |
| Self-control |
Self-control consists of 15 items using scale 1 to 5 adopted by Grasmick and Tittle (1993). It is measured by 6 self-control aspects including; (i) Impulsivity, (ii) Preference for Physical Activity, (iii) Risk Taking, (iv) Self-Centered, (v) Preference for Simple Tasks, and (vi) Temper - which adapted from Gottfredson and Hirschi, (1990). |
| Perceived opportunity |
By measuring perception of respondents on acceptability and frequency of academic dishonesty acts in their institution and the possibility of academically dishonest behavior being identified as proposed by McCabe and Trevino (1997). Perceived opportunity consist of 6 items using scale to rate them. |
| Attitude |
By measuring the morality of respondent in evaluation of cheating by adapting four items of Davis et al. (1992) whereas others items we develop ourselves, which total up to 6 items. Both using scale from 1 to 5. |
| Academic dishonesty |
By measuring how often the respondent involved in each academic dishonest acts from college life which the 5 questions adapted from McCabe & Trevino (1997). Meanwhile, 4 questions adapted from Nazir and Aslam (2010) and adding other items that we developed. It consists of 11 items in total rated by scale for respondents. |
