| Measures, Metrics &Type: Internal(A)/External(B) |
Description |
Literature references |
| Financial |
Portfolio diversification level |
A |
Ability to invest in multi production/ portfolio eg. product innovation, finding new market, diversify into many business, etc. to reduce the magnitude of disruption |
(Achim & Borlea, 2012; Arnold & Soederhuizen, 2018; Avramidis et al., 2020; Barthélemy et al., 2017; bin Ibrahim, 2010; Brandon-Jones et al., 2014,; Casey & O’Toole, 2014; Castellani, 2018; Che & Liebenberg, 2017; Colicchia & Strozzi, 2012; Degryse et al., 2018; Ivashina & Scharfstein, 2009; Jiménez, et al., 2017; Park, 2011; Pettit, 2008) |
| Financial reserves and liquidity level |
A |
Ability to keep/invest reserve funds in assets and liquidated when needed to sustain operations during disruption |
| Insurance investment level |
A |
Ability to invest into insurance against liability from credit risk |
| Factoring level |
B |
Ability to discount on invoice for immediate cash to sustain operations during disruption |
| Refinancing level |
B |
Ability to refinancing debt to avoid negative impact on credit score and insolvency |
| Cost |
Manufacturing cost level |
A |
Ability to reduce the manufacturing/ production cost |
(Acquaye et al., 2018; Anand & Grover, 2015; Azzone et al. , 1991; Bai & Sarkis, 2014; Bai & Sarkis, 2011; Beamon, 1999; Behzadi et al., 2018; Bichou, 2015; Chan & Qi, 2003; Chan, 2003; Chung et al., 2018; Esfahbodi et al., 2016; Govindan et al., 2015; Gunasekaran et al., 2004; Joshi et al., 2011; Maestrini et al., 2017; Mishra et al., 2018; Olugu & Wong, 2009; Palandeng et al., 2018; Prajogo et al., 2016; Rangaswamy & Subramanya, 2010; Thanki & Thakkar, 2018; Truong Quang & Hara, 2018; Tseng et al., 2018; Wong & Wong, 2008) |
| Delivery cost level |
A/B |
Ability to reduce delivery cost, transportation cost and logistics cost |
| Inventory and Ordering cost level |
A |
Ability to reduce inventory and ordering costs |
| Time |
Manufacturing lead time level |
A |
Ability to reduce total amount of time required to produce a product |
| On time delivery level |
A/B |
Ability to reduce delivery time to customer and from supplier |
| On time payment level |
B |
Ability to increase customer payment on time |
| Quality |
Rework and scrap level |
A |
Ability to reduce number of rework and scrap |
| Customer satisfaction level |
B |
Ability to meet customers satisfaction in terms of reducing customers complaints |
| Supplier performance level |
A &/ B |
Ability to increase supplier’s performance in terms of reducing supplier’s reject rate, supplier’s |
| Flexibility |
Demand flexibility level |
A/B |
Ability to accommodate customers’ orders without affecting the supply chain |
(Azadeh et al., 2014; Beske-Janssen et al., 2015; Franklin & Todt, 2014; Golgeci & Ponomarov, 2013; Gong et al., 2014; Govindan et al., 2015; Ivanov et al., 2014; Kumar et al., 2014; Pettit et al., 2013; Rajesh et al., 2015; Scholten et al., 2014) |
| Supply flexibility level |
A/B |
Ability of supplier to meet production needs without affecting the supply chain |
| Production flexibility level |
A |
Ability of the production systems to meet customers’ needs without affecting the supply chain |
| Information sharing |
Risk management training level |
A |
The amount of risk management training for employees on risk management or related skills within the organization |
(Azadeh et al., 2014; Brandon-Jones et al., 2014; Dominguez et al., 2018; Franklin & Todt, 2014; Johnson et al., 2013; Panahifar et al., 2018; Pettit et al., 2013; Rajesh, 2018; Rajesh & Ravi, 2015; Rajesh et al., 2015; Saberi et al., 2019; Scholten et al., 2014; Soni & Jain, 2011; Soni et al., 2014; Yu et al., 2018) |
| Anticipation level |
A &/B |
Ability/ experience to discern potential future events / situations such as forex, weather, forecast economic growth, etc. |
| Disruption information shared level |
B |
Willingness to share negative information caused by financial crisis, such as, downsizing of the organization from customer to supplier or vice versa |
| Relationship |
Customer loyalty level |
B |
Ability to keep/ maintain customers’ loyalty |
(Abdullah, 2016; Belleflamme et al., 2014; Drover et al., 2017; Faisal et al., 2006; Kumar et al., 2014; Malliari & Sirkeci, 2017; McKenny et al., 2017; Schmitt,2011; Schwienbacher, 2018; Soni et al., 2014; Taha & Macias, 2014; Walthoff-Borm et al., 2018; Kong & Xiang, 2008; Zhao et al., 2018) |
| Risk sharing level |
B |
Willingness of external {partners (supplier &/or customer)} & internal {employees} to help and share the risk together such as currency volatility risk, or delay in salary etc. |
| Crowdfunding level |
B |
Ability to raise funding from equity, employees, business partners, public, families/ friends etc. without losing permanent ownership |
