Structural And Content Characteristic Of Didactic Competency Of A Modern Educator

What is the nature and what is the structural and meaningful content of the didactic competence of the teacher? What is the connection with the didactic culture of the teacher?

By means of what pedagogical strategies is the didactic competence of the teacher meeting the level of modern requirements to educational process realized?

At what levels can the didactic competence of the teacher be manifested?

A group of survey methods (profile, interviews, focus groups) was used to model the content of didactic competence. The surveys were attended by executives-students of advanced training courses-98 people, teachers of higher education-153 people in Minsk, Petrozavodsk, St. Petersburg, school teachers of St. Petersburg-500 people.

Structural and functional analysis allowed to correlate the requests from students, the needs of the teachers themselves and the educational request of the society to the didactic competence of the modern teacher and determine the content of its components.

Observation was conducted for five years on special matrix of observations of school lesson and classes at the university. The observation was aimed at teaching, the activity of the teacher and the actual teaching, the activities of the students. Identified pedagogical strategies are defined as a result of observation of 200 lessons in schools in St. Petersburg and analysis of the results of university teachers' work on the development of work programs at refresher courses (at the Universities of Veliky Novgorod and St. Petersburg).

Nature and structural-content filling of the didactic competence of the teacher. Relationship with didactic culture

By the didactic competence of the teacher we understand the integral characteristic that determines his ability to solve didactic problems in the educational process using knowledge, professional and life experience, inclinations and values, the main of which is the value of the free development of the student's personality. Didactic competence is manifested in such creative integration of the didactic components of the pedagogical process (purpose, methods, technologies, ways of learning, educational content, educational results), which will ensure the creation of the most optimal and effective didactic system, a psychologically safe and developing educational environment.

Didactic competence has a subjective aspect (competence as a characteristic of a particular subject), behavioral aspect (competence is demonstrated in the appropriate type of activity), value aspect (competent specialist has a high level of motivation and a deep belief about the value of his profession), a dynamic aspect (competence is the inherent internal logic of development, without which it very quickly transforms into a incompetence).

The new socio-educational situation determines changes in the teacher's philosophy, strategy and tactics of the learning process which will ensure the development of didactic culture and its functional component - didactic competence. The formula of the teacher's didactic culture can be expressed as follows: "The philosophy of the teacher + the pedagogical strategy + the pedagogical tactics + the creativity."

Changing the philosophy of a modern teacher/tutor is connected with the implementation of the principle of integral humanism which defines the leading role of the learner at all stages of life through a new understanding of pedagogical categories:

• education is the process of free self-determination of a man as a multivariate simulation of human existence, providing a variety of options for self-determination, the choice of “one's self”, that requires solving the following educational problems: promoting the learner in the acquisition of values, meanings, personal way of existence, stimulating the activity of the individual in the context of the growth of education into self-education;

• -teaching is a means of self-exercise that realizes the nature of the individual, when freedom is manifested by both the teacher and the learner and their activities are creative; the conditions for achieving a personal way of being in the process of teaching is the expansion of a person's self-consciousness and his construction of constructive interpersonal interaction on the basis of symmetrical communication, allowing to enter the personal communication and exchange of meanings.

The content of the teacher's didactic competence forms a profile that includes 5 blocks:

А. Value-meaning component (support and assistance of the student, success of his educational activities and educational learning as a value).

B. The knowledge component includes owning the following key knowledge:

• forms of educational process organization and organizational forms of students activity in the educational environment of the educational organization. Non-linear forms of educational process organization;

• educational and educational activities (educational activities, teaching, educational/teaching situation, educational task, educational environment, education content, motivation, educational design, reflection);

• educational activities, individual curriculum, individual educational program, individual educational route;

• teacher-tutor and his new roles (support, assistance, counseling, moderation, facilitation, coaching, types of counseling);

• -integration of educational and informative and other activities: directions, programs, results;

• project and research activities: species, stages, age accounting;

• communication, interaction, joint activities, community, educational communication, moderation, group dynamics in the classroom, conflict;

• new educational results: evaluation and diagnosis.

С. Operational-active component includes two elements:

The teacher's mastery of methods of organizing various activities (educational, project, game, research, self-education, etc.); ways to design an educational environment, information and communication resources, support and assistance of educational and informative activities; strategies for communication organization (to conduct a discussion, a debate, to moderate), methods of involving students in joint activities, adoption of rules of how to conduct in it, management of group dynamics in the classroom.

Algorithm (technology) of effective activity (technology of organizing independent activities of schoolchildren, project activities, educational and research activities, educational activities, group interaction, counseling) etc.

D. The personal component is the personality traits (empathy, mobility, activity, decision-making and responsibility for choices, hard work, creativity, critical thinking, etc.) and professional experience (organization experience of different forms and activities of students).

E . Reflexive component - experience of self-assessment and experience of reflection of didactic competence and didactic culture.

The specificity of the profile of the didactic competence contributes to the possibility of its diagnosis and identification of directions for self-development of the teacher.

Educational strategies to implement the teacher's didactic competence, meeting the level of modern requirements for the educational process

The pedagogical strategy of the modern teacher is based on a modern understanding of the student's educational and informative activities and manifests itself in the orientation to the teaching as understanding, communication, reflection, design:

• teaching as communication (the student's access to extended communication with other students, participants in educational relationships; it is a dialogue, polylog, personal communication, including event communication / "live together, understanding each other");

• teaching as reflection (the student's access through mastery of reflexive practices to the realization of his subjective position, followed by the exit to the reflexive way of life of a modern man, which goes back to self-education and self-improvement/"live meaningfully");

• teaching as understanding (the student's access through mastering of intellectual skills, meta-subject universal learning activities on personal inclusion in educational content, on personal-meaningful knowledge by immersion in educational material through experiences and involvement with them);

• on teaching as design (from designing ways of activity to designing your individual educational trajectory based on formal, informal and in-formal education).

Implementation of the identified pedagogical strategies implies the knowledge of the modern teacher pedagogical tactics, which is to design educational and learning situations for the development of the student as a subject of teaching. This tactic can be based on the model of the subject's development system, presented as the "Pyramid of doctrine as a system of 6 elements": 1 - Information and educational environment; 2 - Content, including meta-subject; 3 - Ways to learn and work: universal learning activity; 4 - Subjects of interaction - cooperation; 5 - Subject - a student, occupying the subject position.

Of course, as any model, it is conditional, however, it identifies critical points where teachers today most often make mistakes, it allows to explain the mechanism of personal development of the student in educational activities,

The ideal is a pyramid in which all direct and feedback links between components in a holistic system are established. The subject of the teachings is in the center of the pyramid, as long as it develops, direct and feedback links are built: S-1 is the subject of self-organization; S-2 is the subject of cognition and the subject of assimilation; S-3 is the subject of creative activity; S-4 is the subject of interaction.

Information and educational environment as a set of diverse educational tools and resources is the first point at the base of the pyramid. In the case of direct communication the teacher constructs the environment, with the feedback the learner himself looks for and expands resources of the environment, independently organizing it, developing competence in the regulation of its activities. The second point of the foundation of the pyramid of teaching is the object of knowledge, i.e. the content of education as a reflection of the worlds of nature, culture, man. Direct communication reflects the option of information (source of knowledge - teacher, textbook, Internet). But such educational content is not yet personal and meaningful for the learner. It becomes so when building feedback and the emergence of a sustainable cognitive interest and initiative in the search for additional material. The ways of cognition and activity, acquired and improved by learners during the teaching process, symbolizes the third point of the foundation of the pyramid. Possession of the learning methods of the activity at the reproductive level (reproduction) is formed as a result of direct communication. Feedback occurs when it moves to a creative level. The fourth point of the foundation of the pyramid are the subjects of interaction (teachers, other students). Direct communication involves the learner in educational communication while adopting educational content, with the feedback it initiates the process of interaction and demonstrates communication skills.

Thus, this model focuses on the main points - tasks in which the didactic competence of the teacher is manifested. The teacher's didactic profile forms a set of didactic tasks:

• implementation of pedagogical diagnostics;

• selection of the content of the educational material;

• designing an information and education environment;

• developing the motivation of the student;

• ensuring that the student is included in the curriculum;

• -designing and organizing the understanding procedure;

• -designing and organizing communications;

• -organization of the assessment activities of the student;

• -organizing the student's reflexive activities;

• -providing conditions for the implementation of individualized educational activities of the student, access to personalization of training.

Didactic culture includes the choice of philosophy, strategy and teaching tactics and the learning activity itself. By didactic culture of the modern teacher we will understand the integral characteristic of the process of knowledge of the teacher, which is determined by his need for constant renewal of basic knowledge, knowledge of modern ways of cognition, ability to productive professional and educational communication and transform new knowledge into the content of the training of the modern student.

Didactic competence represents a narrower concept than didactic culture, requiring teachers to already have technological, specific didactic solutions to transform the content of education into content training and the specific activities of the student.

Levels of manifestation of the didactic competence of the teacher

In our opinion, the most interesting is the classification of levels of didactic competence, based on the approach proposed by the team of authors (Pevzner et al., 2002):

• reproductive level is manifested in such characteristics of the organization of the learning process, such as stereotyping activities (clear adherence to samples, a limited set of methods and forms), use of ready-made learning technologies, positioning themselves only in the context of the subject being taught, low motivation for change. The normative-adaptive, invariate, well-structured extrapersonal nature of the teacher's didactic competence, which does not allow the teacher to guarantee a high level of quality of teaching, is clearly manifested here;

heuristic level is characterized by variability and efficiency of technologies, methods and techniques of learning, rejection of stereotypes in activities, critical rethinking of their experience in order to improve it, using creative thinking techniques. The development of the teacher's didactic competence up to this level is a testament to its desire to meet the requirements of the time;

• the creative level is distinguished by the subjectivity of the teacher in the organization of the didactic process. The teacher is able to systematically simulate the learning process, using knowledge of modern theories and technologies, to solve pedagogical problems effectively. It is ready to engage in innovation, adapting flexibly to change, independently designing and modifying his own learning technologies. A teacher with this level of didactic competence demonstrates an individual style of activity and guarantees a high level of quality of education.