Kettlebells Exercises As A Means Of Strength Development Of High School Students

Abstract

One of the tasks of the national model of the Russian physical culture and sports movement is the implementation in national schools of national and popular systems of physical education, which allow developing and using the national traditions of the peoples of Russia, their identity within the framework of a unified state system. It should be noted that strength is one of the most important physical qualities, ensuring the success of not only mastering the technique of exercise, but also achieving high results. The results of a stating experiment indicate that the development of strength in students is of particular concern. This conclusion is confirmed by testing indicators of All Russian Physical Culture Sport Committee (ARPCSC) GTO (16-17 years old). The content of the article presents one of the ways to solve the urgent problem of our time, which physical education teachers often encounter when organizing strength training with high school students, is the introduction of elements of the Russian athlete kettlebell sport. In the process of training, not only the necessary physical qualities (strength and endurance) are brought up, posture and a beautiful physique are formed, but also a favorable psychological microclimate is created in the process of achieving success. As part of the formative experiment, a set of exercises with kettlebells was developed and tested for the development of strength in 11th grade students. The results of the formative experiment convincingly prove the positive dynamics in the development of strength and strength abilities of high school students.

Keywords: Physical educationdevelopmentstrengthpedagogy of successhigh school studentsexercises with a kettlebell

Introduction

Russia is considered the place of origin and development of kettlebell lifting, that is why kettlebell lifting is recognized as our national sport. The beginning of the development of kettlebell lifting can be considered the end of the 17th century, when kettlebells of 16, 24, 32 kg were used to demonstrate strength and stride at various holidays (Vatel & Gray, 2005). Today we can say that weights are one of the oldest projectiles for strength training, created several thousand years ago. The search for new methods of organization of training with weights has been going on since when kettlebell lifting ceased to be a national "fun".

Since ancient times, a man with heroic strength enjoyed special respect in Russia. In Russia, folk tales glorified heroes-heroes, to whom phenomenal power was attributed, they were legends. The period from the 10th to the 19th centuries is characterized in Russia by spontaneous and unorganized occupations of the population by exercises with weights (Tikhonova, Makarov, & Maltseva, 2019).

In kettlebell lifting, the main physical qualities are strength and endurance, as well as classical and specially-auxiliary exercises with weights, effectively strengthen the cardiovascular, respiratory systems of the body and the musculoskeletal system. At senior school age, young men have favorable opportunities for the education of such a quality as strength. Let us consider the definition of “strength” as a person’s ability to overcome external resistance or resist it due to muscle effort (tension). And strength abilities are a complex of various manifestations of a person in a certain motor activity, which is based on the concept of “strength” (Shafikova & Greb, 2018).

The topic is relevant, as much is said about the poor physical fitness of students and military age youth both on television and in the press. However, instead of simple national sports available to the people, expensive overseas species are often promoted, which in no way can affect the solution of physical education problems in our country.

Note that a 16 kg weight spurt as a type of test (test) is included in the alternative part of ARPCSCGTO. The type of test is intended for grades V - IX; this is the age category into which high school student’s fall (Nagovitsyn, Rassolova, Senator, & Torbina, 2016).

It must be recognized that officially the abilities and the correct handling of weights are vital, and kettlebell lifting (or individual exercises with weights) is an effective, simple and affordable way to learn these skills and solve other problems of physical education of students and military age youth (Dmytro et al., 2017; Filimonova, Sabirova, Grishina, & Fedoryachenko, 2017).

Problem Statement

One of the ways to optimize the educational process in physical education is to search for rational approaches to physical education and health of students, the development of strength and strength endurance with the use of kettlebell lifting exercises in physical education lessons (Prontenko et al., 2017). We set the following tasks: to study scientifically - methodical literature on the research problem; to develop and test an experimental set of exercises with weights for the development of strength in students of 11th grade; to evaluate the impact of the exercises with weights on the change in the level of strength development in high school students in physical education lessons.

Research Questions

In our opinion, the development of kettlebell lifting in modern Russia is haphazard. How to teach children to lift weights and weights in schools if physical education teachers have no idea about this sport? Kettlebell lifting specialists are nowhere to be trained; in the specialized scientific literature, the tools for using kettlebell lifting in physical education are not well represented.

In the course of the analysis of scientific and methodological literature, the following issues were considered: characteristics of the age peculiarities of high school children; the essence of the concept of strength as the physical qualities of a person is determined, the means and methods of development are identified in the context of the application of classical and specially-auxiliary exercises with a weight.

Purpose of the Study

The purpose of our work is to develop and test a set of exercises with a kettlebell that ensures the development of strength in high school students in physical education lessons.

Research Methods

The following research methods were used in this work: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, testing, and pedagogical experiment, mathematical and statistical data processing.

Findings

The results of the control tests before the experiment are presented in Figure 01

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In all control tests t calc. turned out to be less than t tab., which indicates the unreliability of differences in the results of the first and second groups.

The results of control testing after the experiment are presented in Figures 02 - 03 .

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The calculation of the significance of differences in the results of the two groups by the Student t- criterion showed that the changes are significant for all indicators. In the exercise "Long jump" t_culc.>t_tabl.(2.91> 2.09); in the exercise “Flexion and extension of the arms in a lying position” (2.12> 2.09); in exercise “Dumbbell pull” (3.39> 2.09). As can be seen from the results, the dynamics of the indicators in the experimental group are more pronounced. The dynamics of the strength development is presented in Table 01 .

The data of our theoretical and experimental research show that the hypothesis posed at the beginning of our study is confirmed, namely, that the use of kettlebell lifting exercises in high school classes will positively affect the level of strength development in high school students.

Conclusion

In our work, we substantiated and verified the effectiveness of the developed experimental set of exercises for developing strength using kettlebell lifting equipment. As a result of the tests, which consisted of exercises of the ARPCSC GTO complex for students aged 16-17 (V stage), we found that young men in the experimental group had a higher increase in strength development at the end of the study than young men in the control group. So, in the long jump from a place, the result of the experimental group improved by 11,8%, and among young men in the control group by 1.6%. The gain in the snatch of 16 kg for 4 minutes in the experimental group was 9.2% versus 0.9% of the control group, and the increase in flexion and extension of the arms while lying down, respectively, was 5.2% and 1.1%.

Thus, the result of the use of experimental sets of exercises with a kettlebell was an increase in the level of strength training of the young men of the experimental group, which allowed them to improve the results when fulfilling the proposed standards of the ARPCSC GTO complex for students 16-17 years old (V stage).

Analysing the results of our pedagogical experiment, it can be argued that the developed experimental sets of exercises with weights have a positive effect on the level of strength development in boys of grades 10-11, and weight-lifting equipment can be successfully used in training such a physical quality as strength.

References

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