Creativity And Its Development Through Plastic Arts In Children Of Child Education

Creative thinking

Children develop in different contexts to grow up happily. In their first area of development is a familiar context; in the first years of life one learns the unique and truths that satisfy immediate needs ( Sanchez, 2006). After this, children begin to develop in a context greatly amplified with their classmates and friends, and neighbors, it is here that children are able to discuss with friends, share rewards, overcome fears, etc.

According to ( Gallardo, 2014), creative thought is a capacity specific to humanity that allows for beliefs, elaborate products and put into practice solutions that solve real world. problems. From this point of view the author implies that creative development is comprised of cognitive and affective motivation, here lies intimate unity and leadership of the subject in a form connected as an intentional process that develops the person and puts into practice the human activities: communication, music, dance, painting, drama, literature, science, and other manifestations of psychosocial performances.

According to Klimenko ( 2011), creativity is a basic component that influences the integral development of the personality generally and in individual children, how future citizens that will have to confront a changing world that demands solutions to problems and to contribute significant understanding of distinct areas of action that they will encounter. A pedagogical aspect to understand is the essence of creativity in the physiological category, it’s a task necessary as well as complex for the lesson to be the final multilayered development for diverse theories, traditionally and always more contemporary that they understand different perspectives.

Creative thought in children is a vehicle of all activity, it is a dialogue between reality and fantasy, between the real and what is possible, between what is and what could be, the capacity of creative thought gives meaning to our lives, because the majority of interesting concepts, important and human, are a result of creativity, where we believe that feeling is living completely. Moreover, the creativity that is the capacity to believe in something new, different and original, is from where the development of creative thought is formed in the individual, and more so in children, this is obligated to think in new ways that realize those activities, it’s about thinking outside of the box and to be original in the process and creation of ideas.

Creativity is a process of discovery or production of a new concept that satisfies a demand in a determined social situation, in which one expresses the link between cognitive aspects and effects of the personality. Next, in both points of view the authors agree in that creativity develops internally as a product or creation of something new, there always exists an external stimulation that must be achieved through school, family and social life ( Mikjans, 2005).

It is this that Chacón Araya ( 2011) is referred to as “a specific faculty to be human that allows one to believe with originality, flexibility and fluidity that is joined with material values and new knowledge that is the purpose that satisfies personal and social needs” (p.37). In those that consider the personal characteristics and the underlying neuro-sociology premises as the influence of the socio-cultural environment and the internal stimulation that gives one the attachment to learning and that triggers their behavior. According to Chacón Araya ( 2011) creativity is the capacity that a person has to create material products, solve problems that the conflict is the strength that unwraps the creative potential of the person and that guide them to do the activities that go from easy to difficult, from known to discovery.

On the other hand Gallardo ( 2014) indicates that creativity is an integrative process that when is interacted with the subject and the object of the activity, the cognitive, affective, motivational, strong-willed, emotional and other elements that interact in creativity in a way that integrates the person, the process and the product as a whole. It is proven that when a child is well oriented on the activity to be executed, when he or she observes the world around him or her, experiences the examples of the teacher or peer is more capable as to what to do and how a task if he/she is motivated by its accomplishment.

According to Logan ( 2010) the development of creativity needs contradictory impulses to emerge and its specified through the principles of units of knowledge and creativity, the character of creativity. Of history and the logic and intuitive unit. The knowledge and the activity interrelate in the cognitive process that the subject does in a creative way.

Rodriguez ( 2009) affirms that the capacity to utilize the knowledge and materials to different products to the existing, also to demonstrate originality, people should get rid of paradigms, schemes and beliefs.

For Casas ( 2013) the combining or creative activity is the capacity of the brain, not only to keep and reproduce past experience but to combine, transform and create ideas and outcome of a new conduct about the previous experience. A peculiarity of the creative process gradually evolves, it starts in childhood and it continues into adulthood.

While Valencia and Orlando ( 2015) says that the functions of the creative process manifests in the imagination, the fantasy and the composition is given by the experiences of real situations of the context where the subject is found. An important aspect is expressed when the subject confronts the resolution of tasks and activities that initiates and puts into practice ordinary cognitive processes, metacognitive components, emotional and motivational self- regulation that favor the integral formation of the student.

On the other hand, Klimenko ( 2011) and Mikjans ( 2005) say that a holistic vision about the relation between the creative action and its impact on the development of capacities and abilities of the child. Asserted in this context is the possibility to stimulate the creative capacity of the students. Creative thought is can be stimulated and trained. Some people are born with the natural ability to develop creative thought, while others have to make an effort to achieve it.

However, it is possible for anybody to become a great creative thinker. Having been born with this natural skill or have been working on it depends on the person. When a person develops creative thinking, he finds day after day original ideas and more frequently the results are astonishing, the creative thinker begins to discover w to see the world from other perspectives and that higher ideas are very different from others. Their responses to the problems are never the most obvious and in many cases are revolutionary, the creative thinker is valuable in all aspects because she never falls into common solutions, they can contribute to solve almost 100 percent of problems.

A creative thinker stands out from others present in his capabilities to generate multiple ideas at the same time, she doesn’t resign easily and brings the most original responses before a situation that requires urgent resolution.

Fine Arts

Early education plays a very important role in children learning through different expressions of art such as music, theatre, painting, literature and dance. Restrepo, Jimenez, and Moreno ( 2016) say that “These expressions are linked to knowledge of their own body through sensorial perceptions, searching to broaden their skill through stimulation of all intelligences and general creative thought” (p.10). In this the fine arts help to express feelings, emotions and imagination that facilitate different forms of expression and communication.

Fine arts also play an important role in the development of the child’s creativity in an academic level, through drawing techniques, sculpture and painting the child practices and improves his flexibility Through these techniques the child also learns to express feelings, thoughts and emotions.

The mind develops through experiences, education with arts and games that allow enrichment through the development of emotional talent and knowledge. This development in children facilitates their own creativity.

Artistic education is fundamental in a child’s academic education. For one’s creative thought to develop one has to intervene with the social environment that surrounds him or her This expression not only helps the creative process of children through motor skills, emotions or language difficulties, it also helps expression because they express their feelings and emotions through ludic activity.

Graphic Techniques

Graphic techniques are strategies that are used in the first years of basic education. Guangasi ( 2015) indicates that “These techniques develop fine motor control, with the objective of preparing children for the learning process and especially reading and writing are based in practical activities from their own culture” (p. 37). This is the reason why graphic techniques have a very important role in the children due to the development of fine motor skills helping to coordinate the corporal movements at the same time develop reading and writing skills in order to have equal personal development.

Drawing is an inherit skill in children, this technique favours reading-writing creativity among others, through drawings they express how they feel. Guangasi ( 2015) affirms that: “The drawing of a child is important because through practice and habit develops the self and encourages abilities of human talent to enjoy that activity” (p. 24). For children drawing is the activity where they express all transformations that they go through over time.

Finger painting is an activity of experimentation with visual, tactile and kinetic aspects. This technique consists of painting with fingers or hands using a mixture of paint of different colors and the desire to get messy, producing satisfaction and liberation to the child. Finger-painting techniques help with the evolution and expression of the child’s personality.

Sculptor is a technique that allows children to develop fine motor skills by working with materials such as sand, clay, plastics, dough, all while with hand and finger exercises. This supports the child as he begins reading and writing, using pencils, tracing letters and practicing focus ( Tamay, 2017). This technique also helps to canalize aggressive feelings and behaviours.

Cutting (of appropriate materials) is a technique that consists of cutting with scissors or with fingers or tearing apart pieces of paper or cardstock and pasting on a specified surface. This practice supports acquisition of motor skills. It also helps with creative expression.

Collaging consists of pasting different materials onto paper or other objects combining different subjects using graphic design techniques and drawing ( Pasquel, 2017). This technique promotes the use of creativity and imagination as well as improving the children’s fine motor skills.

Building and construction assists in identifying sizes, colours, shapes and form using different materials. The children will develop their gross and fine motor skills, mental functions, attention and perception, reasoning skills, concentration and precision of movement while maintaining an environment of gender equality. This technique can used be used on its own or combined with other techniques so that there is a wide variety of possibilities.

Participants

The sample has been selected form a population where N=137 from 7 educational institutions in the city of Ibarra (Ecuador), of which a simple random sample was extracted of n=37 to create the experimental group with X= 5.4 years old and S=0.54 of which 16 were male and 21 were male.

Investigative Process

Once the request was approved by the proper authorities in each institution the test of creative thought was given over the course of two weeks, with the results of the experimental group were determined by the one that were intervened with the graphic design techniques that were applied to develop creative thought over 64 hours of planning and introduced in two The sample has been selected form a population where N=137 from 7 educational institutions in the city of Ibarra (Ecuador), of which a simple random sample was extracted of n=37 to create the experimental group with X= 5.4 years old and S=0.54 of which 16 were male and 21 were male weekly periods of four hours each; then at the end of the application the post test was administered. The data was stored in a database created with SPSS 22.0 where statistical calculations were made, descriptive and correlated as well as tables and graphs.

Instrument

For the evaluation a scale of creativity was applied which consists of 10 items, each given a range between one and four giving a total of 40 points; the scale shows a a= 0.7 showing that the instrument is reliable.

Descriptive Statistics

The Publisher data shown in table 1 refers to the average age of the children studied its standard deviation as well as the average general scores of creative thoughts in the pre and posttests.

Creative thought is an important factor in problem solving and encountering new experiences, it’s important in development during early education. The results show that the pre-test scores in creative thought are an X=28.9 and an S=4.6. The results are compacted, the average is close to the maximum obtained, however it does not indicate a high score, after the intervention of graphic design techniques the results of the postest demonstrate that the students reached a score of X=36.2 and an S=2.5, also it is evident that the minimum score reached surpasses the pre-test score as well as the average obtained by the group in creative thought.

Correlation Statistics

When the measurement of the pre and postest are correlated (see table 2 ) it is identified that the graphic design techniques have stimulated creative thought of the children whom the intervention was applied.

The correlation of paired samples shows that there is a linear relation between the scores of pre and posttests with an r=0.84, that is significant with a value of p≤0.05.

To establish whether there is a significant difference between the pre-test and postest of creative thought, we have applied the statistic to the student for related samples (see table 3 ) to correlate the results of the first test and the second evaluation, this one was done after the intervention of graphic design strategies the statistics describes t=15.17 and a value of p<0.05; this significance of this is that there is statistical evidence that demonstrates that students worked with graphic design techniques guided the development of creative thought improving their scores.