| Level of communicative competenceRedundancy Elements |
High |
Low |
| Information noise |
Relatively few pauses of hesitation (3-4).Short pauses of hesitation (1-3)Few repetitions (1-2) |
Too many pauses of hesitation (10-12)Long hesitation pauses (7-9)Many repetitions (6-10) |
| Doubling |
Plane of expression (vocabulary) |
Tautology and pleonasms are absent |
Tautology and pleonasms are present |
| Plane of content (grammar) |
Absence of repetitions of word combinations and sentences |
Regular repetitions of word combinations and sentences |
| Structures with nominative theme |
All seven types of nominative themes are used by students |
Only one types of nominative theme is used |
| Structures-additions |
All five types of additions are used by students as well as many transitionary structures |
Only one types of addition is used |
| Constructions with repetitions |
Construction is used to express various degrees of expressiveness |
Construction is used to express duration of action and quality gradations |
| Intercalary structures |
Syntactic and/or semantic scheme of the construction is preserved Number of words in the part preceding the intercalation and in the intercalation itself is 7±2 (7-9) |
Syntactic and/or semantic scheme of the construction is violated Number of words in the part preceding the intercalation and in the intercalation itself is 7±2 (5-6) |
| Self-corrections |
lexical and gramma-tical |
Few corrections (2-5) |
Many corrections (8-10) |
