Abstract
Poor mental and somatic health of adolescents is a crucial issue. Comprehensive studies on the laws governing formation of children health during school years is relevant. The purpose of the article is to study psychological characteristics and functional parameters of the cardiovascular system in adolescent boys. 430 Magadan boys aged 13–17 years were examined. 80 adolescents took part in the study of psychological indicators taking into account alexithymic traits. Alexithymia levels were determined using the Toronto alexithimic scale (TAS-26). The alexithymic personality type was diagnosed in 25 boys; the transitional type was diagnosed in 27 boys; the non-alexithymic type was diagnosed in 28 boys. The data were analyzed for alexithymic and non-alexithymic adolescents. The structure of anxiety was determined by the method of multidimensional assessment of child anxiety, the types of character accentuations were identified using the Leonhard-Shmishek questionnaire. The indicators of cardiohemodynamics were determined at rest (sitting) by the method of volumetric compression oscillometry based on the central hemodynamics (Globus, Belgorod). Direct and calculated parameters of central and peripheral hemodynamics were recorded: systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rates, types of blood circulation self-regulation. The study showed significant differences in anxiety indicators in adolescent boys with alexithymic traits. They have more pronounced indicators of anxiety, psychophysiological and psycho-vegetative reactions, dysthymic and exalted characteristics. The predominant type of blood circulation self-regulation is cardiac, which indicates reduced reserve capacities of the cardiovascular system. The combination of anxiety and accentuations in adolescents with alexithymia can affect school adaptation.
Keywords: Adolescentsalexithymiacardiovascular systemNorth
Introduction
Studies of the health status of children and adolescents indicate the presence of regional features determined by climatic, environmental, and social environmental factors (Povargo et al., 2014). Literature data emphasize an increase in the neuropsychiatric disorders in adolescents due to borderline neurotic and personality disorders (Agarkov, Skorokhodova, & Pogorelova, 2011). In adolescence, ontogeny is particularly sensitive to various adverse environmental factors influencing the cardiovascular system (Pankova, Alchinova, Cherepov, & Karganov, 2008; Grechkina, 2016). Therefore, the problem is poor mental and somatic health of adolescents manifested in psychopathological disorders and premorbid deviations (Baranov, Namazova-Baranova, Albitsky, Terletskaya, & Antonova, 2014).
A comprehensive study of the patterns of health formation, studies on psycho-physiological and morphofunctional development of children is one of the priority research areas in the field of age physiology, child and adolescent health (Mukatayeva, 2010; Baranov et al., 2014).
One of the psychological risk factors for psychosomatic disorders, behavioral disorders and addiction is alexithymia which can be expressed in the personality structure of healthy people (Baiardini, Abbà, & Ballauri 2011). Alexithymia involves difficulties in distinguishing between emotions and body sensations, understanding feelings of other people (Sifneos, 1973). Individuals with alexithymia are prone to somatic complaints and mental disorders (Taylor, Bagby, & Parker, 1997; De Gucht & Heiser, 2003; Arruda & Bigal, 2012; Li, Zhang, Guo, & Zhang, 2015). Alexithymia develops in male adolescents (Levant, Hall, & Williams, 2009) and is typical of middle-aged men with cardiovascular pathology (Kauhanen, Kaplan, & Cohen, 1996). Among the factors influencing the development of psychosomatic pathologies of the male cardiovascular system, alexithymia and anxiety play active roles (Vinokur & Simanenkov, 2002). Growing alexithymia contributes to the fact that high anxiety has psychosomatic symptoms and is a mechanism of development of cardiovascular diseases (Vinokur & Simanenkov, 2002). Adolescents with somatoform disorders have higher levels of alexithymia and anxiety (Burba, Oswald, Grigaliunien, Neverauskiene, & Jankuviene, 2006). Alexithymic adolescents are characterized by more pronounced indicators of anxiety, social frustration and mental rigidity (Bartosh, Bartosh, & Mychko, 2018). Disturbance of neuropsychic adaptation affects the development of accentuated character traits (Leonhard, 1997). Along with alexithymia, character accentuations develop in 50-80% of boys. Character accentuation and alexithymia can be consequences of heredity or child rearing (Zhilina, 2008; Baughman, Schermer, Veselka, Harris, & Vernon, 2013). Accentuation can serve as a background for the development of borderline mental disorders and psychosomatic diseases (Cloninger, Bayon, & Svrakic, 1998; Leonhard, 1997).
The cardiovascular system of adolescents is particularly sensitive to the environmental factors, physical and mental activities (Krivoschekov & Grebneva, 2000; Mikhailova & Kimyaeva, 2013).

the data for the alexithymic type of boys are grey; the data for the non-alexithymic type are white
1.– general anxiety; 2.– anxiety in relationships with peers; 3.– anxiety when assessing others; 4.– anxiety in relationships with teachers; 5.– anxiety in relationships with parents; 6. - anxiety associated with success in learning; 7. - anxiety arising in situations of self-expression; 8.– anxiety arising in situations of testing knowledge; 9. - decrease in mental activity associated with anxiety; 10. - increased vegetative reactivity associated with anxiety.

1 - hyperthymic, 2 - stuck, 3 - emotive, 4 - pedantic, 5 - alarming, 6 - cyclotyme, 7 - demonstrative, 8 - excitable, 9 - distracting, 10 – exalted
Problem Statement
In the northern conditions, the body of adolescents is affected by large psycho-physiological stresses associated with schooling and physical exertion in physical education classes and during sports training and competitions (Grechkina, 2016). Therefore, self-regulation of blood circulation and psychological health of northern adolescent with different levels of alexithymia are crucial issues.
Research Questions
The article aims to study the structure of anxiety and accentuations in boys with different levels of alexithymia, and predominant types of self-regulation of blood circulation in order to determine functional reserves of the growing organism in the northern conditions.
Purpose of the Study
The purpose of the article is to study psychological characteristics and functional parameters of the cardiovascular system in adolescent boys.
Research Methods
430 male teenagers aged 13–17 years (students of three Magadan schools) were examined. 80 boys took part in the study of psychological indicators taking into account alexithymic features. To assess alexithymia, the Toronto alexithymic scale (TAS-26) adapted by the Psychoneurological Institute named after V.M. Bekhterev was used. Based on the TAS-26 scale, an alexithymic personality type (74 points and above) was identified in 25 boys; a transitional type (63–73 points) was identified in 27 individuals; a non-alexithymic personality type (62 points and below) was identified in 28 boys. The data obtained were analzyed. The structure of anxiety was determined using the Multidimensional Evaluation of Child Anxiety (MECA) (Romitsyna, 2006) whose structure includes 10 scales: 1 - general anxiety; 2 - anxiety in relationships with peers; 3 - anxiety in relationships with the environment; 4 - anxiety in relationships with teachers; 5 - anxiety in relationships with parents; 6 - anxiety associated with schooling; 7 - anxiety arising in situations of self-expression; 8 - anxiety arising in situations of testing knowledge; 9 - a decrease in mental activity associated with anxiety; 10 – an increase in autonomic reactivity associated with anxiety. The total score was 0-10 points. If the parameter gained 1-2 points, the quality is not pronounced, 4-5 points - clearly pronounced. To determine the types of character accentuations, a characterological questionnaire developed by Leonhard and Shmishek was used. The questionnaire contains 88 questions on 10 scales and diagnoses types of accentuations. If the trait has 18 or more points, it is accentuated (Vinokur & Simanenkov, 2002). Indicators of cardiohemodynamics were determined at rest (sitting) by the method of volumetric compression oscillometry based on the central hemodynamics (Globus, Belgorod). Direct and calculated parameters of central and peripheral hemodynamics were recorded: systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP, mmHg), heart rate (HR, beats./min), type of blood circulation self-regulation (TBCSR). The survey was conducted at school according to the Helsinki Declaration approved by the Regional Ethical Committee of Biomedical Research (protocol No. 3 of December 4, 2013). Statistical data were processed in Microsoft Excel 2002 and Statista-6.0. The average values of indicators (M) and their standard errors (± m) were calculated. The statistical significance of differences was assessed by Student's t-test for independent samples provided that the distribution was normal. The difference level was considered statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05.
Findings
The study showed that 31% of the adolescents had alexithymic traits. No alexithimic traits were found in 35% of adolescents, 34% of adolescents were classified as transitional. Figure
Conclusion
Thus, the study showed significant differences in anxiety indices of adolescent boys with alexithymic traits. They have more pronounced indicators of anxiety, psycho-physiological and psycho-vegetative reactions. Among them, there are a lot of representatives of dysthymic and exalted types. The predominant type of self-regulation of blood circulation is cardiac which indicates reduced reserve capacities of the cardiovascular system. The combination of anxiety and character accentuation in adolescents with alexithymia influenced by climatic and psychosocial factors can decrease functional reserves of the growing organism, affect school adaptation and cause psychosomatic disorders. It is necessary to determine the levels in the personality structure. The type of blood circulation self-regulation and the ability of the body to respond to physical and mental loads should be taken into account.
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Bartosh, O., Grechkina, L., & Bartosh*, T. (2019). Peculiarities Of Psychosomatic Health Formation In Adolescent Boys. In D. Karim-Sultanovich Bataev, S. Aidievich Gapurov, A. Dogievich Osmaev, V. Khumaidovich Akaev, L. Musaevna Idigova, M. Rukmanovich Ovhadov, A. Ruslanovich Salgiriev, & M. Muslamovna Betilmerzaeva (Eds.), Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism, vol 76. European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences (pp. 227-233). Future Academy. https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.12.04.32