| Overarching semantic category |
Primary research file (person with visual impairment) |
Secondary research file (professionals working with persons with visual impairment)s |
| What does typhlography mean to you (free associations) |
Tactile maps (43.8%)Plastic 3D models (25%)Guide line on the pedestrian crossings“Graphics with 3D projection” |
Plastic maps (60%)Plastic - tactile images (60%)Relief, embossed linesAesthetic function, art educationDevelopment of a person with visual impairmentEducational aidsTactile representations for the blindBrailleArt form3D models“Typhlography contributes not only to the development of knowledge, intelligence and thinking but can also contribute significantly to the development of emotions, enrich a person as an artistic and aesthetic element, as the expression of something beautiful, unearthly (transcending the human).” |
| Most important tactile information |
Braille captionsTactile maps (13.3 %) |
Tactile maps and plans (66.7 %)Educational aids (mathematics, chemistry, biology, physics, history, geography)Spatial imagination development – “Information about the layout of objects in space, spatial relations in general, ratio of different object sizes.”Guide linesBraille captionsConcordance of the tactile information with reality“Any embossments serving for independent mobility of visually impaired persons”“Maps and plans. In a substantial way they help develop ideas about the environment, represent a precondition for independent mobility in the environment.” |
| Typhlography potential |
Tactile maps3D print“In the ZOO”Educational aidsSights and public spaces |
Practical life – all the life areas of persons with visual impairment (33,3 %)Means of developing imagination in persons with visual impairment (26.7 %)Spatial orientation and training thereof (maps, plans, models, guide lines, new route practise, public building navigating) (46.7 %)Educational aidsDevelopment of hobbies |
| The most burning absence of tactile information |
Typhlocartography (12.5 %)Public space (theatre, public buildings, means of transport, monuments, offices, large shopping centres) (25 %)“I personally would welcome if a person with visual impairment could touch the models of monuments in several towns across CR. Mostly, the plastic models in castles and mansions are fragile and you are not supposed to touch them. They are covered behind the glass to prevent breakage. A visually impaired citizen does not have the opportunity to take a good view of the model like the other people without impairment, which is discriminating. If someone describes the model to you, it is very kind of them but it doesn’t provide you with the same information as if you had the opportunity to create your own idea based on these tactile perceptions.”“In the places where they are missing” |
Application in real life (20 %)Public space (transport, public buildings, offices, museums, health care facilities, exhibitions, shopping centres) (33.3 %)In education (20 %) – “Good typhlography is missing in the teaching of children with visual impairment and social rehabilitation of blind adults.” VERSUS “This is usually handled well/satisfactorily in our clients’ education.”In the leisure time area“I feel like it is missing everywhere in general.” |
| The best example of tactile graphics |
Tactile maps (18.8 %)3D printBuilding modelsTactile rulersPavement“Model of the school route in Nové Butovice, Prague 5” |
Tactile maps and plans (60 %)Tactile books (20 %)3D printOption of printing tactile maps off the Internet“Calendar for blind and mouldings of embossed tree leaves”“Plan of the environment with embossed elevation of the buildings or 3D models.”“Custom-made graphics, for a particular user, with respect to their experiences, preferences and needs.” |
| What is missing from the embossment? |
Complex map of Prague (12.5 %)Crown JewelsLondon EyeSignificant monuments“I would definitely welcome expansion of the number of models of monuments and significant buildings in the Czech Republic. I would also like plastic abstract paintings, with combination of painting and plastic representation of the abstract motives using various objects (zippers, earrings, buttons, natural materials, shells, etc.).” |
Town centres (40 %)School and its neighbourhood (13.3 %)Significant monumentsPlan of longer route stages in O&M trainingRelief representation for educational purposes (animals, flowers) (13.3 %)“This is very individual and depends on the need and interests of the particular person”“Spider web, travel to the highest mountain of the world, model of a tick, detail of an eye...”“Personally, I believe that for blind adolescents, it would be interesting/important/beneficial, to have tactile representations of human bodies with emphasis on the sexual traits and their diversity. The best option would be to get to know actual bodies of different types of figures but since this is not realistic, at least in form of modelled figures made of materials as real as possible.” |
