The Relationship Between Consumer’s Behavior and Shopping Orientation Moderated by Consumer’s Demographics

Abstract

The e-commerce industry in Indonesia is experiencing a rapid increase, especially for the B2C-based e-commerce industry (Business-to-Consumer). According to current existing data, Indonesia has a wide range of customer orientations and is one of the countries with the highest E-Commerce usage in the world, but Indonesia is still experiencing a customer data crisis that makes B2C-based e-commerce service companies to experience some turbulence in applying features to customers with certain characteristics. Through this research, the author will measure whether demography moderates the relationship between Consumer's Shopping Orientation and Consumer's Shopping Behavior. The data was collected through questionnaires distributed to 536 people who had done transaction through B2C based e-commerce site in Bandung City. The analysis technique used is Structural Equation Model (SEM) with SmartPLS 2.0. The results show that several factors of demography such as income and age levels moderate the relationship between consumer's shopping behavior and consumer's shopping orientation. The results are expected to be a reference for B2C based companies to apply some additional features that are expected to improve the quality and traffic of B2C site itself based on the characteristics of site users.

Keywords: Shopping orientationconsumer behavioure-commecredemographics

Introduction

The digital economy industry continues to grow along with technological growth. One technology that drives Indonesia's economic sector is the internet. The internet has made a major contribution to the growth of developing countries, where the integration of the internet into the economic shutter of these countries has a very significant impact on change (Choi, 2003). The development of the internet in the economic field has encouraged the development of the e-commerce industry. The growth of the Internet in Indonesia has made many people, especially young people, to choose the purchase of goods through online channels because of the ease in the process of purchasing online lanes (Aribawa, 2016). Based on data obtained from EcommerceIQ (2018), e-commerce service providers in Indonesia themselves are divided into various major parts, which consist of Business-to-Consumer, Business-to-Business, and Consumer-to-Consumer. Of the three types of intermediaries, the operator with the largest user and buyer entered the B2C category. Because this research focuses on individuals who have purchased goods through e-commerce sites, the sites that will be used as research objects will be B2C-based.

Along with the growth of technology and e-commerce, the type of shopping orientation that people have has changed. Customers who have used e-commerce features will have a different shopping orientation segmentation compared to consumers who still shop brick-and-mortar (Vijayasarathy, 2003). The impact of changes in orientation segments that arise due to the use of online markets into the internet has resulted in an increase in the percentage of consumers in searching for new items and in particular an increase in the search for goods that match the compatibility of users Rodríguez-Ardura, Ryan, and Gretzel, (2012). This change in orientation prompted many people to use online media to search for items online. The development of dramatic customer orientation segmentation in the world of e-commerce led to the emergence of certain characteristics in consumer behavior when conducting transaction services through e-commerce providers. Consumer behavior that arises when shopping online. Customers spend a lot of time doing stuff sweeping online, as seen in Figure 01 .

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The economic recession caused by the emergence of e-commerce, customer behavior in finding and selecting goods online changes drastically. 40% of internet users spend time comparing prices and 32% of users spend time searching for more information about the items they want to buy.

According to a study conducted by Hasyyati (2017), in her research entitled "Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics of E-Commerce Users In Indonesia" explained that there was still a data crisis regarding customers, even though the organizing company and the central statistical agency continued to survey the buyers digital in Indonesia, but the survey on customer characteristics in shopping orientation and their shopping behavior is not signaled by the existing demographic data, making it difficult for companies to know and apply types of features that will increase attractiveness and find out if certain demographics have a relationship between shopping orientation customer and customer shopping behavior, therefore this study will discuss the influence of demography on the relationship between consumer's shopping orientation and consumers.

Problem Statement

Research conducted by Saqib et al. (2016) focuses on the role of demography as a moderator in the consumer behavior and shopping orientation in the digital market era. The object in this study only focuses on one country, namely Pakistan. This research focuses only on one object because of the lack of research conducted on the impact of demographics on consumer behavior and shopping orientation of users of e-commerce services in Pakistan. In this study, Demography is translated into 3 main parts, namely: sex, income, education, and age, these components are the basic parts of the demographic component that has been in the previous research. In Vijayasarathy (2003) study describes the relationship between shopping orientations and internet shopping intentions, as well as the selection of product types based on these two variables. In this study Vijayasarathy (2003) also linked variable shopping orientations with demographic data, because it would be easier to break down buyer segmentation based on demographics. This research continues from the results of Kim (2002) study, which also examines similar things, but suggests that demographic data will become obsolete or cannot be used and trusted again after some time.

Cummins, Peltier, Schibrowsky, and Nill (2014) examined the topic of consumer online buying behavior, which focuses on the behavior of users of e-commerce services, but this study did not use demographics as an independent variable or a moderator in his research. Although this data is very useful for e-commerce service providers in the study country, this study displays random data that is not sorted according to age, income, sex, and education so that e-commerce organizers themselves do not know who their target audience is.

The study of Baubonienė and Gulevičiūtė (2015) also focuses on things that are similar to the research that has been described previously, namely about consumer behavior and additional buying decision variables in which research finds out that what mediator factors are very influential on these two variables. This research found that sex or gender is very influential in influencing consumer behavior and buying decisions

This study examines whether demography has a relationship as a mediator between consumer behavior and consumer's shopping orientation. For consumer behavior, it will be translated into frequency and experience. Whereas for shopping orientation will be divided into 3 parts, namely experiential, entertainment, and quality. What distinguishes this research with previous research is that this study focuses on e-commerce objects based on B2C and C2c in Indonesia alone. This study also uses demography as an independent variable between consumer behavior and shopping orientation, unlike how some previous studies used demographics as independent variables or determinants.

Research Questions

1. Does Age moderate the relationship between consumer shopping or consumer and consumer behavior?

2. Does Gender moderate the relationship between consumer shopping or consumer and consumer behavior?

3. Is Revenue moderating the relationship between consumer shopping or consumer behavior?

4. Does education moderate the relationship between consumer shopping or consumer behavior?

Purpose of the Study

The purpose of this study is to measure moderating effect of demographi in shopping orientation and customer behavior relationship

Research Methods

The method carried out by researchers is quantitatively. Viewed in terms of investigation and purpose, this study uses a causal relationship which means that this type of research has a dependent and independent variable and aims to see a causal relationship between the independent variables and the dependent on the planned situation (Sugiyono, 2015).

This study describes the relationship of consumer orientation to consumer online behaviour with demographic mediators of users of B2C-based e-commerce services in the city of Bandung. The data in this study were obtained from primary data collection by distributing questionnaires. Questionnaires made using 1-5 likert scale. The population in this study were all individuals who made purchases online. The sample in this study is all of the individuals who have made a purchase transaction on an e-commerce site on a B2C basis in the city of Bandung. The independent variable in this study is the Shopping Orientation and the dependent variable in this study is the Consumer's Behavior with Demographic mediators.

Hypothesis testing is done partially (T test) is used to examine the effect of the relationship of each variable. The mean difference test technique is the simplest one sample t-test, which is a technique to test the difference in the distribution of data in a group of samples whether it is different from the mean value (Chin, 2010). With a confidence level of 95% and a level of precision or an inaccurate limit of (α) = 5% the value of t table is 1.65. So, if the t-statistic value is smaller than the t-table value (t-statistic <1.65), then H0 is accepted. If the t-statistic value is greater than the t-table value (t-statistic ≥ 1.65), then H0 is rejected.

Findings

Conclusion

The following are conclusions that can answer the research questions that have been described in this study:

1. Based on the results of data processing, it was found that the relationship between shopping orientation and Consumer shopping behavior was moderately moderated by age.

2. Based on the results of data processing, it was found that the relationship between shopping orientation and Consumer shopping behavior was not moderated by gender.

3. Based on the results of data processing, it was found that the relationship between shopping orientation and Consumer shopping behavior was positively moderated by income.

4. Based on the results of data processing, it was found that the relationship between shopping orientation and Consumer shopping behavior was not moderated by education.

References

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