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Open Innovation In Developing Country Smes: Evidence From Turkey

Table 1:

Open Innovation Practice Definition
Joint Venture A commercial enterprise undertaken jointly by two or more parties which otherwise retain their distinct identities.
Joint R&D Collaborative research and development conducted jointly by two or more parties.
M&A The area of corporate finances, management and strategy dealing with purchasing and/or joining with other companies.
Spin-Off Creation of an independent company through the sale or distribution of new shares of an existing business or division of a parent company.
License Out Selling off own IP to third parties to gain profit from internal innovation efforts.
License In Buying another company's IP to develop own business and products.
Innomediaries Using service firms to connect with a wide variety of current and potential customers.
Crowdsourcing The practice of obtaining information or input into a task or project by enlisting the services of a large number of people, either paid or unpaid, typically via the Internet.
Vertical Collaboration Collaboration with customers and suppliers.
Horizontal Collaboration Collaboration with rivals.
Scientific Collaboration Collaboration with universities and research institutions.
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