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Beyond Transaction Cost Economics: Commercial Helplessness Of Small-Scale Animal Producers In Turkey

Table 2:

Factors FactorAbbr.(SEM) TCType Variables References
SectoralUnfeasibility SU1 IC Unfeasibility due to poor access to skilled labour. Fenwick & Lyne (1999, p. 145); Delgado (1999, p. 183); Key, Sadoulet, & Janvry (2000, pp. 246); Matungul, Lyne, & Ortmann (2001, pp. 352); Gong, Parton, Cox, & Zhou (2007, pp. 55); Broderick, Wright & Kristiansen (2011, pp. 1220); Koatla (2012); Martey, Al-Hassan, & Kuwornu (2012, pp. 2139); Lijia & Xuexi (2014, p. 21).
SU2 IC Unfeasibility due to inadequate technical equipment. Matungul, Lyne, & Ortmann (2001, pp. 352); Gong, Parton, Zhou, & Cox (2006); Shiimi (2009); Koatla (2012).
SU3 NC Unfeasibility due to bad physical infrastructure during transport and at informal market (road, electricity, telecommunications, water, sewage, etc.). Matungul, Lyne, & Ortmann (2001, pp. 352); Makhura (2001); Gong, Parton, Cox & Zhou (2007, pp. 50); Kyeyamwa, Speelman, Van Huylenbroeck, Opuda-Asibo., & Verbeke (2008, pp. 63); Koatla (2012); Martey, Al-Hassan., & Kuwornu (2012, pp. 2140); Lijia & Xuexi (2014, p. 22)
SU4 IC Unfeasibility due to (lack of information about) legal regulations. Vernimmen, Verbeke, & Van Huylenbroeck (2000, pp. 329); Matungul, Lyne, & Ortmann (2001, pp. 352); Gong, Parton, Zhou, & Cox (2006); Shiimi (2009); Jordaan & Grove (2013, p. 38).
SU5 IC Unfeasibility due to producers’ insufficient professional breeding knowledge/experience. Matungul, Lyne, & Ortmann (2001, pp. 352); Gong, Parton, Zhou, & Cox (2006); Gong, Parton, Cox, & Zhou (2007, pp. 50); Kyeyamwa, Speelman, Van Huylenbroeck, Opuda-Asibo., & Verbeke (2008, pp. 65); Shiimi (2009); Broderick, Wright & Kristiansen (2011, pp. 1220); Koatla (2012); Jordaan & Grove (2013, p. 24); Lijia & Xuexi (2014, p. 24).
Transportation Risk TR1 NC Risk of weight and value loss / shrinkage during transport. Hobbs (1997, p. 1086); De Bruyn, De Bruyn., Vink & Kirsten (2001, pp. 410); Von Bailey & Hunnicutt (2002)
TR2 NC Risk of stress / accident / injury / waste during transport. Hobbs (1996a, p. 514); Hobbs (1997, p. 1087); Ndoro, Mudhara, & Chimonyo (2015, pp. 248).
TR3 NC Risk of animal illness during transport or at marketplace. Hobbs (1997, p. 1087)
Market Helplessness MH1 NC Feeling helpless due to not being able to find enough buyers in informal market. Woldie & Nuppeneu (2011, p. 499).
MH2 NC Feeling helpless due to selling animals cheaply in order not to bring them back to farm. Hobbs (1997, p. 1086).
MH3 NC Feeling helpless due to not being able to sell animals in informal market and bringing them back to farm. Hobbs (1997, p. 1086); De Bruyn, De Bruyn., Vink & Kirsten (2001, pp. 410); Nkhori (2004).
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