Theoretical Study On Land Registration Data

Abstract

Land registration is a state obligation undertaken by the Head of the District Land Office/City assisted by PPAT, as mandated in Government Regulation number 24 of 1997 on Land Registration and Government Regulation number 37 of 1998 on the Regulation of the Land Deed Officer Position. Based on the research results can be given some conclusions that Constraint PPAT tasks related to supporting maintenance activities of land registration data that there are PPAT the administration have not implemented correctly according to the provisions, there are still assignee is only intended to get a deed made by PPAT and is not intended to register their rights, the existence of a less qualified certificate; so no change in juridical data for file submitted to the Land Office., and the result can not be implemented juridical data changes. That PPAT tasks in implementing land registration data is PPAT responsibility deed truth. covering the truth of events contained in the deed, the type of legal actions referred to by the parties, the object of legal actions both physical data and juridical data, and the identity of the parties. PPAT in coaching and examination by the District Land Office Tangerang there are still some in charging PPAT deed book list has not been in accordance with the provisions of the legislation that has been set.

Keywords: Land Registration DataGovernment Regulation

Introduction

Indonesia has a most stringent land registration and land licensing system in Asia (Monkkonen, 2013), The magnitude land rights role with the increasing land price, with the enactment of Basic Agrarian Law and its implementation regulations, the transfer of land rights is deemed necessary to be increased higher and regulated separately. In the national development the role of the land for the fulfilment of various purposes will increase both for settlement purposes and business activities. As a capital asset, the land has grown as a very important economic item, not only as a commercial material but also as a speculation object. On one side, land should be used and exploited as much as possible for the welfare and people prosperity and on the other hand must be preserved.

Legal certainty provision in land field for all Indonesia people which became one of objectives enactment of the Basic Agrarian Law can be realized through two efforts:

Require any written law, complete, and clear-executed consistent with the spirit and its provisions content (Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997) so it is necessary to make the legislation ordered by Basic Agrarian Law in accordance with the spirit and principles of Basic Agrarian Law.

In order to deal with concrete cases in the land sector, the legal certainty provision could not be realized only with the availability of eligible legal instruments, but also the land registration which allows the right holders to easily prove their rights to the land they control, very easy for economic activities such as selling or lending a modern, because the buyer or creditor will easily find the necessary information about the land that will be the object of a legal act to be done, because the information is stored in the land office as organizer of land registration and open to the public as well as for the government to implement the land policy.

The legal certainty guarantee could be realized by the implementation of good land registration in accordance with the laws and regulations. The Basic Agrarian Law No. 5 of 1960 seeks to realize the registration of land throughout Indonesia. This is affirmed in Article 19 paragraph (1) Basic Agrarian Law No. 5 of 1960 states in order to guarantee legal security, the Government carries out a registration of land throughout the territory of the Republic of Indonesia according to provisions regulated by Government Regulation. While the Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997 expressly states that the Government agency that conducts the land registration throughout the Republic Indonesia territory according to Article 5 is the National Land Agency of Indonesia (Indonesia: Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN)). Furthermore, in Article 6 paragraph (1) confirmed that in the framework of the land registry implementation, task implemented by the Head of the District Land Office / City. As in many countries, the maintenance of land ownership papers under state institutions authority (De Vries et al., 2015).

Article 5 of Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997 mention that the land registration conducted by BPN and its implementation is carried out by the Head of Land Affairs Office, except for certain activities which by this Government Regulation or the law concerned is assigned to other officials. In carrying out the land registration, the Head of the Land Office assisted by the Land Deed Official (Indonesia: Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT)) and other officials assigned to perform certain activities under this government regulation and the relevant legislation.

Under these provisions, the government issued Government Regulation No. 37 of 1998 on the Regulation of PPAT Position and Regulation of the BPN No. 1 of 2006 concerning Provisions on the Implementation of Government Regulation No. 37 of 1998.

Article 37 paragraph (1) of Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997 states that the land transition and property rights to the apartment units through the sale, exchange, donation, inclusion in the company and legal acts of punishment other rights, except for removal rights through auctions can only be registered if proven by deed made by PPAT authorized under the provisions of the legislation in force. Legal act in question is a sale and purchase, exchange, donation, inclusion into the company, the collective-division rights, the Building rights, Giving Deposit Rights, Power of Attorney Charges Deposit Rights.

PPAT given the task, authority and trust as much as possible to provide services to the community in deed terms of the legal acts in the land registration context. PPAT in the face of a heterogeneous society with a wide problem range, namely that there are subject to the Civil Law, Customary Law, facing papers are not complete proof, high land values as well as the various issues relating to the various interests. This requires an expertise and prudence in the papers right evidence, etc.

In practice, there are sometimes gaps in the existing regulation, such as the frequent transition of land rights without being done in the presence of PPAT or otherwise known as the transfer of rights under the hands. In addition, many PPAT finds that the deed does not comply with the prevailing regulations, PPAT does not read deed contents, the PPAT signed the deed of granting the mortgage rights does not notice that the Power of Attorney for Deployment Rights has expired, PPAT which makes deed for buyers and sellers who have no authority and ability to act, PPAT make field deed outside the working area, PPAT in making the deed does not present the parties and the relevant witnesses. In fact, many countries have well documented the importance of witnesses in land transactions such as Ghana (Abdulai & Owusu-Ansah 2014), Ethiopia (Bezu & Holden 2014), Imperial China (Hase 2013; Fung & Lee 2014; Lai 2015), Papua New Guinea (Koczberski, Curry & Anjen 2012), Benin (Yemadje et al 2012), Nepal (Chhetri, 2014).

The actions carried out by the PPAT resulted in a legal defect in the PPAT deed, which could lead to the emergence of land disputes resulting in vulnerability occurrence in land law issues and complicate efforts to realize legal certainty, rights certainty and may cause harm to the creditor. In the implementation of its duties, PPAT is required to be more professional in performing its duties and authority as a designated official in making authentic deed. This is in accordance with the opinion of Huenchuleo et al. (2012) that land registration has a major role in the natural system and has a psychological aspect. In addition, land registration has a positive result in improving the ownership security (Yami & Snyder, 2016), as official records of legally recognized (Murtazashvili & Murtazashvili, 2016).

In many cases, researchers have discussed land registration transactions and residential construction (Manirakiza, 2014) to create ownership (Lai et al., 2016). However, when examined in the following articles, it turns out that certain land rights have an obligation imposed on the right holder as mandated by Article 23, 32, 38 of the Basic Agrarian Law so that any land which may be entitled to rights shall be the land of rights in the person name who registered it with government implementation.

Further provisions of land registration according to Article 19 paragraph (1) of the Basic Agrarian Law governed by Government Regulation. The Government Regulation in question is Government Regulation No. 10 of 1961 concerning Land registration, State Gazette of the Republic Indonesia No. 1961. 28 - Supplement to State Gazette No. 2171 Government Regulation No. 10 of 1961 are no longer valid with the enactment of Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997 on Land Registration, State Gazette of the Republic Indonesia Year 1997 No.59 - State Gazette of the Republic Indonesia No.3696. Government Regulation no. 24 of 1997 was ratified on 8 July 1997 but has only been effective since October 8, 1997. Government Regulation no. 24 of 1997, the implementation is regulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs / Head of BPN (Agrarian Regulation / Head of BPN) No. 3 of 1997 concerning Provisions on the Government Regulation Implementation No. 24 of 1997 on Land Registration and has been amended again with Regulation of the Head of BPN No. 8 of 2012.

In carrying out the land registration, the Head of the Regency / Municipal Land Office cannot carry out its own, but requires other party’s assistance, namely PPAT and other officials assigned to carry out certain activities under this Government Regulation and the relevant legislation. Other officials assisting the certain activities implementation in land registration shall be officers of the auction office, Officials of Deed of Wakaf Promoter, and Adjudication Committee.

The PPAT has a very important role in land registration, which is assisting the Head of the Regency / Municipal Land Office to carry out certain activities in land registration, as described in Article 6 paragraph (2) of Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997 and as set forth in Government Regulation Number 37 of 1998 on the Regulation of PPAT. Tangerang regency is one of districts that have a lot of land rights transition. With the increasingly high volume of work, the PPAT increasingly demanded more professional in carrying out their duties.

Referring to the provisions of Article 6 paragraph (2) of Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997 states that in the land registration implementation, Head of the Land Office, assisted by the PPAT task to assist the Chief of the Land Office, must be interpreted in the context of the implementation of land registration pursuant to Article 6 paragraph (1) is assigned to the Head of the Land Office.

Maintenance activities include land registration data transfer, charging registration rights and other land registry data changes. In accordance with the conversion law, the ownership proof of this right is essentially a representation of the State's recognition of the right of ownership owned by Indonesian citizens. Legitimate rights should be protected by the state. Property rights are a right that has the highest level of ownership relative to other ownership rights (Donnelly, 2012; Becker, 2014; Segal & Whinston, 2012).

The system adopted in Basic Agrarian Law and Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 is a negative system, but which contains a positive element because it will proof produce letters of rights that apply as a powerful evidentiary. In theory the use of the land registry (Barry and Roux, 2013), are useful in maintaining land deed. This is in accordance with the opinion of Barry & Danso (2014) which states that in order to protect the land interests, especially beliefs and attitudes towards land registration.

Problem Statement

In this research can be identified several problems, namely:

• The PPAT task in implementing land registration data related to Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997 and Government Regulation No. 37 of 1998.

• The PPAT in implementing the land registration data and guidance The PPAT by the Tangerang District Land Office

Research Questions

• What factors are constraints the PPAT task is related to Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997 and Government Regulation No. 37 of 1998?

• How PPAT implement land registration data and guidance PPAT by the Tangerang District Land Office?

Purpose of the Study

• To examine factors are constraints the PPAT task is related to Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997 and Government Regulation No. 37 of 1998.

• To examine PPAT implement land registration data and guidance PPAT by the Tangerang District Land Office.

Research Methods

This research uses normative research and empirical juridical. This research will analyse the research object by using secondary data and primary data. This study is analytical descriptive, which reveals legislation relating to legal theories that become the research implementation object of PPAT tasks in Tangerang District with Government Regulation No. 37 of 199.

Data sources used in this study are secondary and primary data. Secondary data obtained from library materials while primary data is data obtained from interviews with staff of the Land Office and PPAT in Tangerang District.

This research uses descriptive qualitative analysis. After all the necessary data are collected then analysed, connected with the primary data so that the description of the PPAT task in implementing and registration data.

Findings

Conclusion

Constraint PPAT tasks related to Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997 and Government Regulation No. 37 of 1998 on the District Land Office Tangerang is PPAT has not performed proper administration according to provisions, SSB validation in the Office Department of Revenue requires a long time so there is no change in juridical data for file submitted to the Land Office.

Land registration data is the PPAT responsibility related to deed truth covering several aspects, namely that the incident truth in the deed, regarding the type of legal action referred to by the parties, the legal deed purpose, whether physical data or juridical data, and identity The constituents are the parties who perform legal acts. In the PPAT guidance and inspection by the Land Office of Tangerang Regency there are still some PPATs that do not fill deed register book and do not close it by using black ink accompanied by PPAT paraf and write "Nihil" if not make deed, do not write book page on filling book list deed so the officers came to difficult make pages listing.

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