| Stage of Change |
Description |
Characteristics |
Techniques |
| Pre-contemplation |
The individual has no intention to take action within the next 6 months and is generally unaware or under-aware of the problem. |
Not currently considering change: "Ignorance is bliss" |
Validate lack of readiness Clarify: decision is theirs Encourage re-evaluation of current behavior Encourage self-exploration, not action Explain and personalize therisk |
| Contemplation |
The individual intends to take action within the next 6 months. He or she is aware that a problem exists but has not yet made a commitment to take action |
Ambivalent about change: "Sitting on the fence" Not considering changewithin the next month |
Validate lack of readiness Clarify: decision is theirs Encourage evaluation of pros and cons of behavior change Identify and promote new, positive outcome expectations |
| Preparation / Decision |
The individual intends to take action within the next 30 days and has taken some behavioral steps in this direction |
Some experience with change and are trying to change: "Testing the waters"Planning to act within1month |
Identify and assist in problemsolving re: obstacles Help patient identify social support Verify that patient has underlying skills for behavior change Encourage small initial steps |
| Action |
The individual changes his or her overt behavior for less than 6 months |
Practicing new behaviorfor3-6 months |
Focus on restructuring cues and social support Bolster self-efficacy for dealing with obstacles Combat feelings of loss and reiterate long-term benefits |
| Maintenance |
The individual changes his or her overt behavior for more than 6 months and works to prevent relapse and consolidate the gains attained |
Continued commitment tosustaining new behaviorPost-6 months to 5 years |
Plan for follow-up supportReinforce internal rewardsDiscuss coping with relapse |
| Relapse / Termination |
The individual has no temptation to relapse and has 100% confidence in maintaining the change |
Resumption of oldbehaviors: "Fall fromgrace" |
Evaluate trigger for relapseReassess motivation and Barriers Plan stronger coping strategies |
