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Psychological Aspects Of Well-Being And Socio-Demographic Values: Results From A European Social Survey

Table 2:

Countries Geographic area Optimism M(SD)1 Age Years of completed education Main activity
Males (n=22003) Females (n=26207) Males (n=22080) Females (n=26365) Males (n=21961) Females (n=26175) Males (n=3150) Females (n=5635)
Bulgaria E 2.50(1.08) 2.64(1.15) 0,270** 0,236** -0,241** -0,3** 0,242** 0,244**
Czech Republic E 2.44(0.98) 2.55(1.05) 0,171** 0,16** -0,16** 0,158** 0,313* -
Hungary E 2.68(1.14) 2.60(1.08) 0,152** 0,226** -0,093** -0,202** - 0,185**
Poland E 2.25(0.84) 2.32(0.90) 0,088** - - - - -
Russian federation E 2.30(0.94) 2.27(0.93) 0,255** 0,244** -0,140** -0,219** 0,346** 0,154*
Slovakia E 2.42(0.90) 2.41(0.94) 0,162** 0,145** -0,150** -0,125** - -
Ukraine E 2.32(1.12) 2.24(1.11) 0,204** 0,280** - -0,132** 0,216* 0,179*
Denmark N 1.91(0.80) 2.06(0.90) - 0,09* - - - -
Estonia N 2.27(0.91) 2.30(0.95) 0,203** 0,134** -0,107** -0,073** 0,312** 0,232*
Finland N 2.10(0.82) 2.14(0.86) - - - - 0,325* -
United Kingdom N 2.27(0.84) 2.28(0.88) 0,096** - - -0,095** - -
Ireland N 2.19(0.87) 2.14(0.84) 0,062* - -0,106** 0,120** - 0,266*
Iceland N 2.22(0.89) 2.11(0.85) - - - - - 0,241**
Lithuania N 2.41(0.92) 2.49(0.93) 0,484** 0,417** -0,356** -0,324** 0,57** 0,398**
Norway N 2.05(0.79) 2.15(0.86) - - - - - -
Sweden N 2.04(0.76) 2.12(0.80) - 0,086** -0,081* -0,066* - -
Spain S 2.28(0.96) 2.52(1.02) - 0,07* - - - -
Italy S 2.36(1.03) 2.59(1.07) - - - - - -
Portugal S 2.57(0.99) 2.68(0.98) 0,197** 0,216** -0,172** -0,19** 0,566* -
Slovenia S 2.07(0.80) 2.17(0.92) 0,151** - - -0,122** - -
Belgium W 2.30(0.96) 2.44(0.97) - 0,071* - - - -
Switzerland W 2.00(0.77) 1.98(0.77) - - - - - -
Germany W 2.01(0.73) 2.09(0.79) - - - - - -
France W 2.44(1.11) 2.54(1.10) 0,09** - - - - -
Netherlands W 2.30(0.89) 2.37(0.91) - - -0,089** -0,07* - -
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