| Metadiscourse markers |
|
7th grade schoolbooks |
8th grade schoolbooks |
|
|
A |
B |
A |
B |
| Interactive |
Transition markers (examples, causal relations, temporal structures) |
36 (15.9.%) |
9(4.6%) |
21(18.5%) |
15(10.4%) |
| Frame markers (structure parts of the text, label stages of processes, announce targeted objectives) |
67 (29.6%) |
51(26.4%) |
35(30.9%) |
46(31.9%) |
| Endophoric markers (send reader to other parts of the text, focus reader’s attention on previous contents) |
14 (6.1%) |
9(4.6%) |
9(7.9%) |
29(20.1%) |
| Evidentials (references to other sources) |
16 (7.07%) |
6(3.1%) |
6(5.3%) |
4(2.7%) |
| Code glosses (announce rephrasing, explanations, illustrations) |
18(7.96%) |
6(3.1%) |
12(10.6%) |
6(4.1%) |
|
Total |
66.8% |
41.9% |
73.4% |
69.4% |
| Interactional |
Boosters (state certainty) |
7(3.09%) |
2(1.02%) |
2(1.7%) |
4(2.7%) |
| Attitude markers (indicate writer’s qualitative evaluation of a contents) |
12(5.3%) |
13(6.7%) |
11(9.7%) |
9(6.2%) |
| Engagement markers (evoke readers in order to engage them into the contents) |
52(23%) |
90(46.6%) |
14(12.3%) |
17(11.8%) |
| Self-mentions (authors refer to themselves as persons or authorities or makes personal procedural references) |
4(1.76%) |
7(3.6%) |
3(2.6%) |
14(9.7%) |
| Total |
33.1% |
58.03% |
26.5% |
30.5% |
| GENERAL TOTALS |
226 |
193 |
113 |
144 |
