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Origin and creation of information business |
State regulation of information business |
| USA |
IT sector dates back to 50-60 years of the last century and originated in the USA because:in order to respond to the military needs, active scientific researches were carried out, basic conditions for the potential disclosure of the most promising mathematicians, physicists, experts in other fields had already been created.Initiatives for the development of technology parks and industrial parks played an important role in the development of IT in America. The most significant projectis the SiliconValley.A high level of development of financing instruments of the system of innovation and high-tech companies contributed a lot to the development of the information business in America. |
By the mid 90-ies of the XX century, the state equally with private capital (the industry) made a commitment to finance development of new civilian technologies that met international standards and were competitive in domestic and international markets, especially compared to Japan and Western Europe countries. |
| India |
An IT sector dates back tothe mid-1980s. Due to the small domestic market size, the IT sector is mainly export-oriented (in both products and services), and for a long time India was involved the global IT market just because Indian experts worked abroad (by 1990, this brought up to 85% of revenues).India’s main advantages which stimulate the developments of IT sector in the country are the following:relatively low wages in the sector compared to the US and European countries;number of qualified staff;country’s own potential in the field of software products and in the production of computer and communications equipment;basic mathematical culture;large Indian diaspora live and work in a number of advanced countries. |
The Government of India supported the efforts to promote IT made by businessmen. However, the industry became a national priority only in the early 1990s – it was then that the state began to take steps to improve its return to the Indian economy. Here are main trends of government policy to support the IT sector:promotion of offshore programming – creation of special zones with favorable tax and investment climate – as a result, the share of products produced in these areas has risen to 40%;implementation of the Programme of creation of "Software Technology Parks", which main task was to form favorable conditions for exporting (communication network development, legal support provision and so on). The plan of the Programme combines concepts of export support and of a free economic zone, as well as principles of similar parks in other countries. |
| Singapore |
Though Singapore looks like a tiny dot on the world map, in the world of high technology, including IT, this island state is one of the leaders. |
As government understood the importance of IT for the modern world, the following strategic programs were launched:1. The computerization of the civil service (1981); 2. National Plan for Information Technology (1986); 3. IT Plan 2000 (Intelligent Island - Intelligent Island) (1991). |
| Japan |
The Japanese experience in information business is largely affected by the overall recovery of the economy in the postwar period - the so-called Japanese economic miracle – a historical phenomenon of record economic growth, which began in the mid-1950s and lasted until the oil crisis in 1973. During this period, economy grew up to 10% per year – the highest growth rate among the developed capitalist countries of the time |
Hereunder are the main reasons of the "miracle":low taxes (there was no army in Japan, and thus no public funds had to be spent on the military souses) Japanese science was mastering new technologies, those which were inaccessible before World War II because of the isolation policy in Japan. |
