The Persuasive Effects of the Information: Framing and Priming. Drama from the Club „Colectiv” and the Fall of Ponta Government
Abstract
The paper that we propose aims a constructivist analysis about persuasive effects that media can cause in the public space by interpreting and reconstructing of the social events. The analysis is based on a triangular grille, where the structural, communicational and interactional dimensions contribute to illustrate the ways in which media facilitate the formation of social representations, creating certain types of behaviour and determining specific actions. Moreover talk about a media representation of certain events that generate criteria to assess situations, determine judgments to be applied to these events and contribute to create collective action. The applied part of the paper aims to analyse the social context in which had held the fall of Ponta Government, on November 4, 2015, in the context in which a few days had gone from the drama which happened in the Club “Colectiv”, on October 30, 2015. The analysis focuses on the effects of framing and those of priming on the means of mass communication have produced by the coverage of events related to this collective drama.
Keywords: Framingprimingthe collective dramasociology of mediapersuasive effects
1. Media public space - expression of public culture
In the new global context of communication, determined by the rapid evolution of technology of
communications and information, which has the merit of having turned the entire world into a "global
village" (McLuhan, 1997, p. 107) or in an informational society, understanding the concept of public
space acquires new meanings, being replaced by itself for a new reality. On the one hand, these
changes of meaning are evolutions caused by public attitudes.
Public space conceptualized by Jürgen Habermas (2005), which is understood as a place of
mediation between civil society and state, which are formed and freely express public opinion, an
argumentative public space, consensual, based on rational-critical debate, shall be reconfigured. As the
German author himself claimed, the idea of public space is experiencing of a profound degradation,
leading to its "re-feudalization" and its confiscation by the mechanisms geared to the new opportunities
of expression and civic and political participation for citizens. Moreover, the public space is identified
with a conflictual battlefield, contested of power and for power.
Changes such as the expansion of new technologies of communication and information,
globalization of public space and the crisis of the modern nation state, media marketing and
segmentation of audiences, the emergence of new political and social movements, causes of conflictual
and emotional public sphere, based on negotiation, commonly associated with social and political
movements. All areas of conflictual public sphere reconstruct the new public space where one is out of
disinterested public - oriented to consensus, but a diversity of publics, mobilized by their interest and in
conflict with the interests of other publics. Public space can be understood as "a variety of public
spaces, formed by a dynamic of events, policies, media and institutional practices" (Beciu, 2011, p. 89)
or how thought Bastien and Neveu, in a study conducted in 1999, as an expression of "patchwork
identity" or "fragmented identity" between different social worlds (Beciu, 2011, p. 89).
In the new public space is not important rational argumentation, which involves the belief opponents
by using the "best argument" and reaching the necessary consensus to achieve the common good, but
reason and emotions are intertwined.We are talking about an "emotional reflexivity", due to the fact
that rationality is reworded by including of some emotional issues, and instead of consensus is seeking
a compromise.In this context, public space consists of all media practices, able to highlight the
importance to society of events and topics that be debated at a time.So, the way of mode of media
coverage creates a new public space.It is a media public space, which is the expression of all the rules,
practices and symbols that are active at a time in a social group or into a society that means a public
culture.
2. Dimensions of media public space
Generally, the concept of "public space", according to P. Dahlgren, refers to the processes of
structuring of public opinion (Dahlgren, 1993).In forming and shaping public opinion media play a
crucial role: they can provide support to citizens concerned about the general problems of the present,
can provide an environment for public debate of opinions formed and can influence the public in taking
decisions based on the processing of some viable information; thus, media public space requires the
participation of three stakeholders: media class, public opinion and the public (Beciu, 2000). Media
class can access and participate in the public space through the symbolic capital which it holds:
expertise, prestige, popularity. Regarding public opinion, it is a collective psychosocial product and
constitutes as an evaluation of a problematic situation, based on a mix of rational and emotional
elements and motivated by certain values. Invoking the public opinion should be treated with some
caution, as often journalists, politicians or other public persons can set up in the exponents of public
opinion to gain representativeness and to legitimize their views. Thus, the minority public opinion,
unrepresentative, may become representative and can even become majority when it is about the "spiral
of silence" and occurs the affiliation to current opinion most widely publicized. Like the public
opinion, the public is a social construction, based on media practices or quantitative market research.
Being built by the media through coverage of facts on various social groups or individuals, the public
can become a collective actor with a social "biography", which can be associated with certain items
related to the consumption of media, or may become a target group with some sociological profile.
Media public space can be analyzed by reference to the following variables:
to society through the use of certain rhetorical strategies. On the other hand, the variable
and media-political spheres. An constructivist analysis of the public space involves identifying the
access of stakeholders in the public space, the kinds of information, themes and strategies which form
public knowledge, interaction and forms of socialization developed in relation of the journalist with the
public and the sources, public culture and media environment.
In a study published in 2005, Peter Dahlgren identifies and describes three dimensions of media
public space, namely: interactional dimension, structural dimension and communicative dimension.
While the interactional dimension aims the variety of scenes that take place a debate, structural
dimension refers to the prevailing practices in the sphere of media and to the legal regulations
concerning media and the communicative dimension has as reference approached themes, stakeholders
involved and discourse strategies used.

The three dimensions theorized by Peter Dahlgren and variables identified as the basis of a
constructivist analysis constitute the elements of a model an constructivist model of analysis to the
social context in which there was the fall of Ponta Government of Romania, on 4 November 2015
closely connected with the drama which took place on 30 October 2015 in the “Colectiv” Club, in
Bucharest, capital of Romania.
3.The influence of mass media: framing and priming
Measuring the impact of media on behaviors of public receiver and surprise of the cognitive effects
as well as its influence on perceptions and representations can be achieved by tracking the framing and
the priming that mass-media products. Framing an event involves selecting of certain aspects and
playing its more evident size. Thus, journalists choose to treat a problem from a particular angle, in this
way they orient representations of the public and influences public opinion which is formed about a
topic. Priming involves changing the criteria for judgment of the public under the effect of an
information which is temporarily accessible (Bregman & Missika, 1986). Thus, media representation of
certain events and their powerful visibility influence criteria for the assessment of certain situations,
and information what was transmitted triggers an interpretation of events.
The concept of frame was used for the first time in sociology by Erving Goffman, where he was
later taken over and applied in communication sciences and media studies. For Goffman, frame was
referring to the issue that is the subject of communication and how individuals define the situation in
which they communicate. Defining the situation of communication involves highlighting aspects that
are considered most important and activation of some emotional contexts about them, as well as the
rules and rituals of interpretation (Beciu, 2011).Thus, through communication it is realizing
highlighting that the fact that the subject matter and the interaction itself can be defined by certain
attributes or characteristics, some of which are 'red lines' for interpretation and understanding.
According to Goffman's conception, it creates some "barriers of perception" of the theme and of the
interaction for the interlocutor."The frame is an "organizing principle" of the event, which guide the
interlocutor
(Beciu, 2011, p. 138). T Gitlin (2003) considers
presentation, selection, emphasis and exclusion", namely structuring models of the main elements that
make up a media discourse. From the perspective of media studies, R. E. Entman and S. Iyengar define
the concept of frame, by reference to the idea of influence. For R. E. Entman (2003, p. 417), the frame
is a mechanism to influence the interlocutor and for influencing public opinion, which involves
selecting certain aspects of specific events or themes and introducing connections between them,
leading to an interpretation or evaluation.S. Iyengar believes the frame as a principle organizer of the
event, guiding interlocutors to interpret events addressed by some attributes considered prevalent and
defines frame as "how opinions on a topic can be influenced by emphasizing or ignoring at some
aspects of the theme concerned"(2005, p. 5).
Priming involves privileging certain issues by the media and the selective use of information by the
public when his forming an opinion.Priming involves how media changing the standards that people
use to make political evaluations. Theory of media priming is grounded in cognitive psychology and it
is derived from the associative network model of human memory, in which an idea or concept is stored
as a node in the network and is related to other ideas or concepts by semantic paths. Priming refers to
the activation of a node in this network, which may serve as a filter, an interpretive frame, or a premise
for further information processing or judgment formation. The theory was developed by Iyengar and
Kinder (1982), who considers that priming, requires some topics that are privileged by media.The
theory is based on an idea of experimental psychology, according to which the judgment that a person
emits about others or about certain facts were not based on all available information on them, but on
the information that it has available. Iyengar and Kinder describe how certain value judgments can be
influenced by the media during election campaigns, meaning that voters does not undertake a
systematic research on the entire volume of information that exists, but selective uses the available
information. (Jäckel, 2008).
4.Drama from the Club „Colectiv”and the fall of Ponta Government
On the night of Friday, October 30, 2015, inside a club located in Sector 4 of Bucharest (Romania's
capital) and operate in a former warehouse of a factory, it has triggered a fire during a free concert
backed by a rock band. According to research by the fire was caused by fireworks used during the
concert, fireworks that ignited the polyurethane sponge (highly flammable) used for soundproofing on
a pillar of the building.The fire was classified as the most serious fire in Romania in a nightclub and
the worst accident in the country after 1989, recording 27 people killed in the night of the accident and
64 people were killed in total (of the wounded admitted to hospitals in Romania and abroad). On 1
November 2015 in Piața Universității [University Square] in the capital was organized a march
commemorating the victims of the fire in the club “Collective”, which was attended by 8,000 people,
who were directed to the site of the tragedy where there were another 2,000 people coming to bring a
final tribute to those who died (Alexa, 2015). It turned on November 3, 2015 in a rally for dismissal of
the primary of district 4, Cristian Popescu Piedone, who declared that he has nothing to reproach about
the tragedy happened and that from his point of view the club „Colectiv” work legally (HotNews,
2015). The rally in Bucharest started at 18:00 and gathered until conclusion, at 1:30 the next day,
25,000 people who chanted slogans and demanded dismissal of primary of District 4, Cristian Popescu
Piedone, the dismissal of Prime Minister, Victor Ponta and the dismissal of Minister of Internal Affairs,
Gabriel Oprea (Mediafax, 2015). Following street protests, which have expanded in Bucharest and in
other cities of Romania, such as: Brașov, Constanța, Iași, Cluj, Sibiu, Ploiești, Arad, Alba Iulia,
Miercurea Ciuc) in the morning of November 4, 2015 Prime Minister of Romania has resigned.
The study conducted in this regard, is a constructivist approach, achieved through qualitative and
quantitative analysis of materials media, broadcast on the main TV channels of news from Romania
(national channel of news - TVR 1 and other news channels: Romania TV, Realitatea TV, Digi24 ,
B1TV and Antena 3), during 30 October - 4 November 2015.Analysis covers the framing and the
priming on the means of mass communication have produced the coverage of events related to the
tragedy of the club „Colectiv”. Such analysis allows constructivist can capture some significant issues
of social discursive imaginary that feeds media system (televised) and also the evaluation of the impact
and the control exercised through the TV storyboarding of devices visual and verbal on the public
receiver. The variables used to structure the content of media materials that were found on the websites
of national television news - TVR 1, as well as the other 5 television of news in Romania were: access
to public space, public awareness, interaction and forms of sociability and public culture and media
environment. They allowed structuring of the information that was broadcast by television of news in
Romania and their interpretation in terms of the effect they have generated.

The access to public space involved identifying of the referent, of social actors participants and the
worlds they represented, and access to media public space. Identifying of the referent was made after
the communication model proposed by Harold Laswell and adapted in 1948 as a linear model of
communication:
To the pole
views, via the six channels of news from Romania analyzed, on the drama in club „Colectiv” and street
demonstrations that it has caused, generating certain social effects.W
topics addressed in connection with drama of fire and then with the mobilization of the public in
Romania first in a march of commemorating the victims of the fire, which later turned into a protest
against those considered guilty for the tragedy that occurred.
of news from Romania which were analyzed.
in the social the presentation of certain views by certain journalists (like Cristian Tudor Popescu and
Radu Banciu) or certain politicians (like the President of Romania - Klaus Johannis, the President of
the Chamber of Deputies, Valeriu Zgonea, or the former President of Romania, Traian Băsescu) in
connection with the reported situation.
The social actors participating in this context are different, and the worlds they represent are varied.
We encounter as a participants social actors: individuals who were present at the event which was held
in the club „Colectiv”; relatives of these individuals, we find after the accident at its production and
later in hospitals or in the street; citizens who took part in the march of commemorating of the victims
of the fire, but also at the protest rally against those considered guilty for the tragedy that happened.
Participants may be considered and representatives of some institutions responsible for managing of the
phenomenon (Secretary of State in MAI - Raed Arafat or Minister of Health, Nicolae Bănicioiu).
If we relate to access to media public space, the analysis of informative content running from 30
October to 4 November 2015 on the six channels of news from Romania, two aspects are attractive.
The first issue is that the television station TVR 1, which is national news station, has sent just after 8
hours of the tragedy, information about it. In this regard, the journalist Cătălin Tolontan note on his
blog: "The biggest television kept silent in the face of the largest tragedies. Last night, TVR does not
transmit anything from the fire of the club „Colectiv” in Bucharest, even an hour after it had taken
place. Each television was how he fared. Digi24, Antena 3, RealitateaTV and RomaniaTV have entered
into breaking news. B1TV he not had the resources" (Popa, 2015). The second aspect is related to
remark that makes the journalist Cristian Tudor Popescu in the Digi24 TV studio, on 3 November
2015, regarding the fact that a reporter Digi24 would reveal to a person who had dedicated a question
about the situation in Romania regarding the language used against the political class in Romania, and
the station Digi 24 had stopped broadcasting, but what journalist currently in the Digi24 studio denies
(Popescu, 2015).
Regarding public awareness was to identify the types of information and topics submitted and some
strategies of generalization used by media representatives but also political actors and mediation
between the different views expressed. The information submitted and the themes were very varied and
they can be grouped according to the three fundamental components of public space: social actors,
political actors and journalists and the three dimensions of public space: interactional, structural and
communicative. The scenes that were held debates were many: from the social scene, formed by
participation of citizens in certain forms of organization in order to showing solidarity with the victims
of the tragedy, but also to protest about irregularities present in different social or formed physicians
who have submitted information about the status of those who arrived from the club „Colectiv” as
patients, to politics that there have been political actors brought to debate issues such as corruption and
the need for fundamental changes within certain social structures. Both the representatives of the media
and political actors have used strategies of generalization, expressed either by reference to the
collective opinion about the phenomenon of tragedy and how understanding this at the level of society,
either through the use of common places, invested symbolic, such as Piața Universității [University
Square], Piața Revoluției [Revolution Square], the town hall of the District 4 or the „Colectiv” club,
where there has the tragedy. For example, on all of television stations analyzed the views of either the
media representatives either of politicians or citizens was focused around blaming corruption in the
country and the need to reform the political class.The journalist Cristian Tudor Popescu construed the
Chamber of Deputies President believes that "the time has come for the political class to understand
that not go with half measures" (“Memoria tinerilor morţi în”, 2015) and a citizen for 26 years, located
in protest in Piața Victoriei [Victoria Square], being interviewed on the street, by a reporter Digi24, on
3 November 2015 states:"... the clubs are not safe, hospitals are not safe, schools are not safe, this
country is not safe! I would like to be; but I can’t force me to leave these stinking! ... " (“Jurnal ora
19.00”, 2015). In addition, the comments to reporters that carried to the spot, especially on 3 November
2015, the day of the protest, they are centered on the two ideas: legislation that leaves room for
interpretation allowed the tragedy and the authorities turn a blind eye to corruption and bureaucracy.
Summarizing, the media have used various mechanisms to highlight what the public had to know about
the phenomenon of tragedy and the implications that it has produced on the social level. Journalists
have mediated between the different views expressed by various politicians, by certain media
representatives who have become leaders and by some representatives of civil society. All these
viewpoints have had in common the expression of the widespread corruption in Romania, the
responsible authorities that maintain it and the need for resignations from some persons who by the
function that they are responsible for the tragedy produced: mayor of District 4, the Minister of Internal
Affairs, the Prime Minister of Romania.
Regarding interaction and sociability forms, identify the role of journalists in relation with the
public and the sources, types of enunciation used and actions of coverage of public interventions. Thus,
redefining of the problem during the discursive exchange, according to the evolution of the
phenomenon - from the event, to the march commemorating the victims and later to protest against
corrupt authorities in Romania; media value judgments and regulatory proposals on the tragedy
phenomenon and its evolution through the reactions of citizens; positioning of the citizens participating
in the rally, as well as some journalists and some politicians concerning this phenomenon and its
implications products are the most relevant issues in this regard. C. T. Popescu believes that "Ponta and
others are thinking about how to fool the street" (Popescu, 2015), "Ponta despises those now in the
street" (Popescu, 2015) or "are people who still are not poisoned by the system" (Popescu, 2015).
R. Banciu expresses that: "I think this time something will happen'' (Banciu, 2015), "a drama like this
is necessarily longer change things" (Banciu, 2015). The creator of shows from RealitateaTV, Octavian
Hoandră, in the issuance
very close to death in this country," a country that " not give two shakes on our lives" and "does not
respect the life of its citizens" (Hoandră, 2015).
Romanian President Klaus Johannis speaks about incompetence of certain authorities and the
corruption that can even kill: "In these moments we have a duty to learn a lesson unfortunately paid
with so many lives, with such suffering. We must no longer tolerate incompetence of authorities, the
inefficiency of some institutions and we can’t let corruption kill up to stretch. We have to take each
fully active and engaged role of citizens who know how to act together because they care about society
and country where they live.To be united and ask the authorities to be responsible for such tragedies
do not happen again" (Costache, 2015). Subsequently, he stresses the need for assuming responsibility
of the political class in the context of the tragedy that took place in „Colectiv” Club: "I am impressed
by the events of this evening. Is a street movement that comes from the desire of people to have
respected their dignity and provided. I understand that is required and expected, rightly anyone to
assume the political responsibility. The next step must be of the politicians who can’t ignore this
feeling of revolt" (Stan, 2015). Deputy of National Liberal Party, Ludovic Orban, commenting on the
decision taken by Prime Minister Victor Ponta to resign, said: "It's zero tolerance for corruption,
political clientelism and political migration. It's a new start and I think the political parties, people who
are involved in public life, it must understand that it is not working and that must change radically,
because people no longer accept that politics should be conducted as before today" (“Prima reacţie din
PNL la demisia lui”, 2015).
Using variable of public culture and media environment involved customizing the relationship
between public space and media environment and reporting to the sphere of media and public culture.
We talk on the one hand, about the exploitation of symbols, through mechanisms such as symbolic
negotiation of some representations from the perspective of a principle of generality or of a system of
justification of general interest or mediating of some form of commitment to the public and therefore a
"moral distance" to Romanian citizens, especially to those who were directly connected with the
tragedy of the club „Colectiv”. Thus, in the context of the tragedy that happened in the club „Colectiv”,
after Romanian Prime Minister arrived emergency from Mexico, the Romanian Government has
decreed three days of national mourning. Or C. P. Piedone, the primary of Sector 4 of Bucharest, after
initially asserted that there was authorization for the operation of the club that happened the tragedy of
presenting documents to relieve from all responsibility, proposes marking the place where the tragedy
occurred, by creating a monument in memory of victims of the club Collective - "The monument of
innocent", a place where families of the missing to be able to recollect, to light candles and cry their
pain (“Primarul Piedone vrea să ridice”, 2015).Such as symbolic operation in order to form social
representations, have remained without reactions. For example, Aurelian Pavelescu, the President of
PNŢCD, speaks of national mourning is not justified, since this is not an act of heroism for the country,
but a tragedy, an accident fueled by a series of errors and legal violations („Mesaj revoltător al unui
important lider politic”, 2015). Or the President of Chamber of Deputies, Valeriu Zgonea, believes that
young people dead in the „Colectiv” do not need monuments, but just (“Memoria tinerilor morţi în”,
2015), while at the Journal from 19.00, on 3 November 2015, are critical comments of the communique
of Primary of District 4, in terms of achieving a monument that commemorating the victims of the
tragedy in „Colectiv”, considering it an irony, a reaction which demonstrates that C. P. Piedone
demonstrates that "he does not have the correct measure neither pain and no uprising" (“Miting pentru
demisia primarului sectorului 4”, 2015).
On the other hand, messages appeared on strips used during TV transmissions in connection with
the tragedy of the club Collective and consequences arising later and slogans that citizens have
expressed on the street, contributed to the imposition of patterns of visibility and debate about the
topic, taking consider access to public space and televised public knowledge set of devices from
October 30 to November 4, 2015. The slogans: "Do not leave until you leave!"; "Solidarity, down
corruption"; "It's just the beginning, we want resignation"; " The resignation of all those responsible!"
"Shame, Shame on you!", "Thieves!", " You do not have column than official'' or even the title of the
rally announced on the social network Facebook, for November 3, 2015: "The resignation of Piedone,
his subordinates and all those responsible", they are illustrative in this respect. Regarding messages
appeared on strips used during TV broadcasts, for instance, during the journal at 19.00, broadcast on
Digi24 TV, have appeared messages such as "Bucharest's center, blocked at the protesters" or " The
protesters demand resignation of Primary C. P. Piedone and of Minister G. Oprea" or "The protesters
marched to Government. It demands resignation of Prime Minister V. Ponta" (“Miting pentru demisia
primarului sectorului 4”, 2015). B1 TV, during the broadcast
2015, shows messages such as: "A world of bribery and corruption" and "Johannis: I am impressed by
the events of this evening. Politicians can’t ignore this feeling of revolt" (Banciu, 2015). On national
television TVR 1, in a live broadcast, on 1 November 2015, starting at 12.06, appears the message
"Dossier for murder" (“Proteste și Comemorări în țară”, 2015) and during the program
aired on November 3, 2015, appears the message: "Cristian Popescu Piedone, 2 tons of responsibility"
(Pătraru, 2015). The news station Antena 3 also, in a live broadcast on the evening of November 3,
2015, on support stockings display the message: "25 000 Romanian in the street asking for the
resignation for the 32 angels burned" (“Peste 25.000 de români au protestat în Bucureşti”, 2015). Thus,
the exposure of citizens to such messages contributed to the sharing of common ideas and common
behavior patterns, mobilizing them to act together according with a general interest.
5.Conclusions
Media play an important role in social, contributing to organize of information, to guide social
perceptions of various phenomena and to mobilizing of social groups to the action. Media content is the
result of a suite of selections as to what acts are to be published and in what form, in what sizes, all
guided by their own assessment, and not by
interpretation and reconstruction of social events through grids appraiser that they propose to the public
receiver. Such talk about the media representation of certain events that generate criteria to assess
situations, determine judgments to be applied to these events and contribute to create collective action.
The applicative part of the work aimed to analyze the social context in which took place on
November 4, 2015 the fall of Ponta Government, in the context in which a few days had gone from the
drama which happened in the Club “Colectiv”, on October 30, 2015. It was performed an analysis of
media content disseminated by main channels of news from Romania (national channel news TVR 1
and other news channels: Romania TV, Realitatea TV, Digi24, B1TV and Antena 3), during October,
30 - November, 4 2015, having as a starting point the triangular model of the dimensions of public
space proposed by P. Dahlgren in 2005 and the four variables of a constructivist analysis, such as:
access to public space, public awareness, interaction and forms of sociability and public culture and
media environment.
The analysis also covered the effects of framing and priming that mass produced them through
media events related to collective drama produced by the fire at the club “Colectiv”. It was found that
the theme has been used strategically in the public space, generating positioning, diaries and street
movements that led to radical consequences, such as the three resignations: Primary of Sector 4 in
Bucharest, the Minister of Internal Affairs and Prime Minister of Romania. Having as its starting point
this analysis we can conclude that the effects of
representations for the public receiver, generates evaluation criteria of case causes judgments to be
applied to events and contribute to create collective action.
References
- Beciu, C. (2000). Politica discursivă. Practici politice într-o campanie electorală.. Iași: Polirom.
- Beciu, C. (2011). Sociologia comunicării și a spațiului public. Iași: Polirom
- Bregman, D.Missika, J. L. (1986). La campagne: la sélection des controverses E. Dupoirier, G. Grunberg (eds.), Mars la drôle défaite de la gauche. , 1986, politiques. In
- Dahlgren, P. (1993). P. Dahlgren, & C. Sparks (Eds.), Communication and Citizenship: Journalism and the Public Sphere. , Introduction. In
- Dahlgren, P. (2005). The Internet, public spheres and political communication: dispersion and deliberation. Political Communication, 22, 147-162
- Entman, R. M. (2003). Activation: Contesting the White House’s Frame After Political Communication, 20, 415 – 432. , 9(11)
- Gitlin, T. (2003). The Whole World is Media in the Making and Unmaking of the New Left. , Watching. Mass
- Habermas, J. (2005). Sfera publică și transformarea ei structurală. București: Editura, Comunicare.ro
- Iyengar, S. (2005). Speaking of values: The Framing of American Forum. , 3, 1-8, Politics. The
- Iyengar, P.Kinder, D. R. (1982). Experimental Demonstrations of the "Not-So-Minimal" Consequences of Television News American Political Science Review. , 76(4), 848-858, Programs. The
- Jäckel, M. (2008). Studienbuch zur Einführung. Vs, Wiesbaden, Medienwirkungen. Eine
- Laswell, H. (1948). The Structure and Function of Communication in. , Society. New
- Web references Alexa, A. (2015). „Marș de comemorare a victimelor din Colectiv: Aproximativ de oameni au participat la manifestare. Alte 2.000 de persoane, în fața Clubului.. Imagini filmate cu drona - Galerie Foto, Video”. , 8.000
- (), Mediafax. 1 noiembrie 2015. Retrieved from http://www.mediafax.ro/social/mars-de-comemorare-avictimelor-din-colectiv-aproximativ-8-000-de-oameni-au-participat-la-manifestare-alte-2-000-de-persoanein-fata-clubului-imagini-filmate-cu-drona-galerie-foto-video-14869732, on March, 17, 2016.
- Primarul Piedone vrea să ridice lângă Colectiv 'Monumentul celor fără de vină'., (2015, November 3). Retrieved.
- (), from
- (), http://www.antena3.ro/actualitate/primarul-piedone-vrea-sa-ridice-langa-colectiv-monumentul-celor
- (), fara-de-vina-322411.html, on March, 17, 2016.
- Mesaj revoltător al unui important lider politic: Doliul naţional nu este justificat. Sute de mii de tineri cultivă un fel de anarhism., (2015, November 1). on April. , 4, 2016-, Retrieved from http://www.antena3.ro/politica/mesaj-revoltator-al-unuiimportant-lider-politic-doliul-national-nu-este-justificat-sute-de-mii-de-322054.html
- Peste 25.000 de români au protestat în Bucureşti după tragedia de la Club Colectiv., (2016, November 3). Retrieved.
- (), from
- (), http://www.antena3.ro/politica/miting-pentru-demisia-primarului-piedone-protestatarii-au-venit-cu
- (), steaguri-nationale-si-cu-322396.html, on April, 4, 2016.
- Banciu, R. (2015). Lumea lui Banciu - 3 noiembrie 2015. , on March. , 27, 2016-, Retrieved from http://inregistrari.b1.ro/view-03_Nov-2015-lumea_lui_banciu-85.html
- Costache, A. (2015). Mesajul preşedintelui Iohannis în urma tragediei din Colectiv: Avem datoria să învăţăm o lecţ noiembrie 2015. Retrieved from http://www.romaniatv.net/mesajul-presedintelui-klaus-iohannis-inurma-tragediei-din-clubul-colectiv-avem-datoria-sa-invatam-o-lectie_ on March, 20, 2016, 254323(html), ie.1
- Jurnal ora 19.00., (2015, November 3). on March. , 27, 2016-, Retrieved from http://www.digi24.ro/Emisiuni/Digi24/Jurnale/Arhiva+inregistrari/Jurnal+ora+19.00++3+noiembrie+2015
- Hoandră, O. (2015). Realitatea românească. Emisiune TV realizată la data de 31 Octombrie 2015.. Retrieved from.
- (), http://www.realitatea.net/realitatea_romaneasca.html, on March, 20, 2016.
- Cristian Popescu , Piedone. (2015, November 2). on March. , 17, 2016-, Retrieved from http://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-esential-20550646-miting-pentru-demisiaprimarului-sectorului-4-cristian-popescu-piedone-marti-piata-universitatii.htm
- Alba , Iulia.Miercurea Ciuc - FOT, O. (2015, November 3). on March. , 26, 2016-, Retrieved from http://www.mediafax.ro/social/proteste-comemorari-taralumanari-victimele-colectiv-scandari-impotriva-guvernului-brasov-iasi-s-cerut-demisia-oprea-mii-tineri-s-austrans-ploiesti-alba-iulia-miercurea-ciuc-foto-14872961
- Prima reacţie din PNL la demisia lui Ponta. Ludovic Orban: "În toată perioada asta, România a suferit"., (2015, November 4). on April. , 4, 2016-, Retrieved from http://www.antena3.ro/politica/pnl-demisie-victor-ponta-322499.html
- Pătraru, D. (2015). Emisiunea Starea Naţiei, ediţia din 3 noiembrie , on April, 4, 2016. , 2015, Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v6M97bCLi98
- Popa, C. (2015). Cătălin Tolontan, atac DUR la TVR după tragedia din clubul octombrie 2015. , Colectiv. 31
- (), Retrieved from http://www.evz.ro/catalin-tolontan-atac-dur-la-tvr-dupa-tragedia-din-clubul-colectiv.html, on March 2, 2016.
- Popescu, C. T. (2005). Cristian Tudor Popescu la Noiembrie 2015. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5VckORV1YFc, on March, 2, 2016-, Digi24. 3
- Stan, F. (2015). Klaus Iohannis, prima reacţie despre manifestările din Bucureşti: Următorul pas trebuie să fie la Noiembrie 2015. Retrieved from http://www.romaniatv.net/klaus-iohannis_ on March 2, 2016, 254780(html), politicieni. 3
- Memoria tinerilor morţi în «Colectiv» nu are nevoie de monumente, ci de dreptate., (2015, November 4). on March. , 23, 2016-, Retrieved from http://ziarero.antena3.ro/article/view/id/150463
Copyright information
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
About this article
Publication Date
04 October 2016
Article Doi
eBook ISBN
978-1-80296-014-3
Publisher
Future Academy
Volume
15
Print ISBN (optional)
-
Edition Number
1st Edition
Pages
1-1115
Subjects
Communication, communication studies, social interaction, moral purpose of education, social purpose of education
Cite this article as:
Gelan, C. (2016). The Persuasive Effects of the Information: Framing and Priming. Drama from the Club „Colectiv” and the Fall of Ponta Government. In A. Sandu, T. Ciulei, & A. Frunza (Eds.), Logos Universality Mentality Education Novelty, vol 15. European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences (pp. 377-388). Future Academy. https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2016.09.49