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Challenges For Project Management In The 21st Century

Table 1: Top 15 Challenges for Project Management in this century

Rank Challenges Parameters References
1 Risk Management Financial Risk Legal & Contractual Risk Political Risk Operational Risk Force Majeure Technological Risk Construction Risk Maintenance Risk Environmental Risk Organizational Risk Schedule Risk Design Risk Project Sponsor Risk Hwang & Ng (2013);Sawhney & Paul (2014);Padalkar & Gopinath, (2016);Irimia-Diéguez, Sanchez-Cazorla, & Alfalla-Luque, (2014);Kululanga & Kuotcha (2010);Dziadosz, Tomczyk, & Kapliński, (2015)
Human Resource Management Staff Recruitment IssuesTeamworkVirtual teamsCultural challengesLabor related challengesCross-cultural leadership skillsTransformational leadership Hwang & Ng (2013); Sawhney & Paul (2014); Padalkar & Gopinath (2016); Marrewijk (2010); Aarseth et al. (2014); Ainamo et al. (2010); Tabassi & Bakar (2009); Tabassi, Ramli, & Bakar, (2012)
Project Definition and Planning Project Scope ManagementProject Location Hwang & Ng (2013); Khan et al. (2018)
2 Performance Management Relationship between standards and performance Method to align intangible outcomes Systematic biases and influence of culture in project outcomes Project management maturity Key performance indicators Sawhney & Paul (2014); Padalkar & Gopinath (2016); Elonen & Artto (2003); Crawford (2005); Nogeste & Walker (2008); Shore (2008);Yazici (2009); Ogunlana (2010); Doloi, Sawhney, Iyer, & Rentala (2012); Meng (2012)
3 Knowledge Management Knowledge competencies in project organizations Knowledge sharing contexts Tacit knowledge acquisition and sharing Integration processes in cross-functional projects Knowledge creation in interdisciplinary project teams Padalkar & Gopinath (2016);Dogbegah, Owusu-Manu, & Omoteso (2011)
4 StakeholderManagement Internal stakeholders External StakeholdersStakeholder RelationshipTrust BuildingKnowledge Sharing Aarseth et al. (2014);Hwang & Ng (2013);Padalkar & Gopinath (2016)
Value Management and Sustainability Environmental sustainabilityEnergy EfficiencyWater EfficiencyEcologyConservationMaterial EfficiencyPollution ControlLand UtilizationIndoor Environmental quality Social sustainabilityQuality of LifeHealthTransportableAccessibilityAestheticsSafetyNuisance to NeighboursEconomic sustainabilityBuilding AffordabilityExpenditure in Renovating and developingBusiness enhancementLegislation ComplianceProfitabilityWaste management Sawhney & Paul (2014); Zhang, Shen & Wu (2011);Tagaza & Wilson (2004);Williams & Dair (2007)
5 Cost Management Cost EstimationCost Monitoring and ControllingValue analysisLife Cycle Cost of Building Hwang & Ng (2013);Niazi et al. (2016);Padalkar & Gopinath (2016)
6 Agile Project Management Fluctuation of prices of materialsShortages of materialsChanges in materialspecification and typeCommunicatingchanging culture and mind-setDay-to-day operational problemsDelay in delivery of materialsEquipment availability and failure Late delivery of equipment Insufficient number of equipment High cost of machineryProcess not understoodJust-in-time Inventory Associated RisksSingle Source Alliance Associated RisksJust-in-Time Management General Risks Hwang & Ng (2013);Sawhney & Paul (2014); Golini & Kalchschmidt’s (2015)
7 Conflict and Dispute Management Conflict management strategiesIdentifying source of conflictConflict and Innovation Hwang & Ng (2013);Niazi et al. (2016);Sawhney & Paul (2014); Tabassi, Roufechaei, Bakar, & NorAini (2017)
8 Health and safety management Leadership mindset and corporate commitmentLife cycle approach to OH, investment in infrastructure and management systemsAwareness, Education and TrainingRegulatory framework and complianceUse of Technology as a strategic enabler Hwang & Ng (2013);Sawhney & Paul (2014)
9 Communication Management Rapid advancement of information and communication technologiesVirtual communicationsMaintaining the authenticity and trustworthiness of electronic recordsViolating Confidentiality Hwang & Ng (2013);Padalkar & Gopinath (2016)
10 Claim Management Inconsistent Service DeliveryIncreasing Customer DemandSupplier Performance Dogbegah et al. (2011)
11 Information Technology Management BIM Adaptation (construction industry)Client demandLack of BIM skills and expertise in technical and system requirementsSignificant adoption cost to implementing BIMLack of knowledge about BIMLack of BIM guidelines and standardsPrimavera as a tools for managing projects not used widely by PMsCloud Computing and security issues Aarseth et al. (2014);Sawhney & Paul (2014);
12 Procurement Management Contract DocumentsSub-contract managementSupplier Preselection SystemSupplier Performance MeasurementNegotiationContract Dispute and Resolutions Padalkar and Gopinath (2016);Johnson & Flynn (2015);Sollish & Semanik (2012)
13 Quality Management Plan Quality ManagementPerform Quality AssuranceMeasurement of MetricsRegulation and traceability Sawhney & Paul (2014); Padalkar & Gopinath (2016);Suwandej (2016)
14 Ethical Management Personal LevelOrganizational LevelTrade/Professional LevelSocietal LevelGlobal Level Dogbegah et al. (2011)
15 Innovation and creativity Culture of innovation in projectDevelop consensus on a set of objectives in a steering group with divergent interestsHiring and Managing Remote WorkersIndustry ChangesDemographic changesNew Knowledge Maghsoudi, Duffield & Wilson (2015);Muller and Jugdev (2012)
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