| Theme |
Sub-theme |
Studies |
| Age |
Substance use (aged 18-25) |
Çakıcı et al., 2014a; Çakıcı et al., 2017a |
| Smoking (aged 11 and above) |
Çakıcı et al., 2010 |
| OPS/illegal substance (Below 25) |
Çakıcı et al, 2017b; Çakıcı et al, 2019b; Çakıcı et al, 2019b; Çakıcı Eş et al., 2020 |
| Alcohol (aged above 18) |
Çakıcı et al., 2017b |
| Gender |
Male (OPS, smoking, alcohol) |
Çakıcı et al., 2010; Çakıcı et al., 2014a; Çakıcı et al., 2014b; Çakıcı et al., 2017a, Çakıcı et al., 2017b; Çakıcı et al., 2019b; Çakıcı Eş et al., 2020; Hacıosmanoğlu, 2021; İskender et al., 2019; Tekin, 2018; Tunçay, 2019 |
| Birth place |
Turkey (smoking and OPS)Cyprus (alcohol) |
Çakıcı et al., 2014a; Çakıcı et al., 2014b; Çakıcı et al., 2017a; Çakıcı et al., 2017b; Çakıcı Eş et al., 2020 |
| Income |
Low income level (smoking, alcohol, OPS) |
(Çakıcı et al., 2017a; Çakıcı Eş et al., 2020; İskender et al., 2019; Tekin 2018). |
| Education level |
High school and UniversitySecondary school and below |
Çakıcı et al., 2014a; Çakıcı et al., 2017b; Çakıcı et al., 2019b; İskender et al., 2019; Çakıcı Eş et al., 2020; Tekin, 2018 |
| Academic success |
Unsuccessful (alcohol and OPS) |
Çakıcı et al, 2017a |
