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Validating an Over-Indebtedness Measurement Scale That is Specifically Tailored to Borrower’s Context

Table 1: Over-indebtedness items itroduced by Schicks (2014)

Author Measurement
Schicks (2014) Basic sacrificesReduce food quantity/quality (cut down eating).Reduce education (e.g., taking children out of school).Postpone important expenses (e.g., for health, housing, business assets, etc.).Work more than usual (e.g., take additional labour, work longer hours, on Sundays, and when ill).Economic sacrificesDeplete your financial savings (e.g., money in the house or in a savings account).Borrow anew to repay (take an additional loan from another lender).Sell or pawn assets (e.g., jewellery, cattle, productive, or household assets).Seizure of assets (Microfinance borrower’s; MFI takes property by force to make up for missed payment).Use family/friends’ support to repay.Psychological sacrificesSuffer from shame or insults (gossips about you/ exclusion from a contract).Feel threatened/harassed by peers/family/loan officer.Suffer psychological stress yourself or in your marriage.
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