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The Use of Metadiscourse in Short Story Written by ESL Learners

Table 1: Hyland’s Taxonomy of Metadiscourse (2005a)

Category Function Examples
InteractiveTransitionsFrame markersEndophoric markersEvidentialsCode Glosses help to guide the reader through the textexpress relations between main clausesrefer to discourse acts, sequences or stagesrefer to information on other parts of the textrefer to information from other textselaborate propositional meanings Resourcesin addition; but; thus; andfinally; to conclude; my purpose isnoted above; see Figureaccording to X; Z statesNamely; e.g; such as; in other words
Interactional Involve the reader in the text Resources
HedgesBoostersAttitude markersSelf-mentionsEngagement markers withhold commitments and open dialogueemphasise certainty or close dialogueexpress writer's attitude to propositionexpress reference to author(s)explicitly build relationship with reader Might; perhaps, possible aboutin fact; definitely; it is clear thatunfortunately; I agree; surprisinglyI; we; my; me; ourconsider; note; you can see that
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