| Corrective feedback Strategy |
Definition |
Example |
| 1. Recast |
The corrector incorporates the content words of the immediately preceding incorrect utterance and changes and corrects the utterance in some way (e.g., phonological, syntactic, morphological or lexical). |
Student: Cardige [mispronounced the word Claridge’s]Teacher: Claridge’s |
| 2. Repetition |
The corrector repeats the learner’s utterance highlighting the error by means of emphatic stress. |
Student: … Hassan and George are… are is Teacher: Are is? |
| 3. Clarification request |
The corrector indicates that he/she has not understood what the learner said. |
Student: Now cooksTeacher: Huh? |
| 4. Explicit correction |
The corrector indicates an error has been committed, identifies the error and provides the correction. |
Student: Yes, I ready.Teacher: OK!... What I ready? I’m ready. |
| 5. Elicitation |
The corrector repeats part of the learner’s utterance but not the erroneous part and uses rising intonation to signal the learner should complete it. |
Teacher: He doesn’t?Student: HasTeacher: He doesn’t?Student: have |
| 6. Paralinguistic signal |
The corrector uses a gesture or facial expression to indicate that the learner has made an error. |
Student: What are you do?Teacher: [disappointment sound] |
