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Comparison of Early Literacy Skills Achievement According to Children's Age

Table 1: Components and items of ELSI

Components Items
1.0: Oral Language 1.1: Active listening skills in a variety of situations (questions).
1.2: Focus on conversation / activity.
1.3: Respond through facial / body gesture.
1.4: Participate in conversation (expressing opinions / questions).
1.5 Basic vocabulary acquisition (vocabulary acquired by age).
1.6: Language acquisition (speaking using correct and fluent spoken language).
1.7: Speak according to situations / cultures / manners.
2.0: Print Awareness 2.1: Functions of book (showing parts of book as front / back / title).
2.2: Picture comprehension (distinguish between print and picture).
2.3: Print rules (knowing reading directions).
2.4: Environmental print (symbol).
2.5: Knowledge of text prints (letter).
2.6: Knowledge of text prints (word).
3.0: Phonological Awareness 3.1: Identify and manipulate sounds from the environment.
3.2: Knowledge of rhythmic languages.
3.3: Identify relationship between sound and letter.
4.0: Narrative Comprehension 4.1: Read / listen to stories.
4.2: Introducing local literature or culture (song).
4.3: Predicting story.
4.4: Associate stories with experiences or existing knowledge.
4.5: Retelling stories.
4.6: Do reading activities (shared reading).
5.0: Early Writing 5.1: Scribbles / sketches / meaningful drawings.
5.2: Imitate lines / shapes.
5.3: Writing techniques (knowing starting point,directions and position of writing).
5.4: Write own name.
5.5: Write patterned letters / strings.
5.6: Write letters / syllables / words.
5.7: Writing for various purposes (story / experience).
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