| Study |
Year |
Tasks/Number of items |
| 1.Stanovich, Cunningham, & Cramer |
1984 |
Strip initial consonant (10)Supply initial consonant (10)Initial consonant same (10)Initial consonant different (10)Initial consonant not same (10)Final consonant same (10)Final consonant different (10)Rhyme choice (10)Rhyme supply (10)Substitute initial consonant (10 |
| 2.Lundberg, Frost, & Petersen |
1988 |
Rhyme test (21 items)Segmentation of sentences into words (2 sentences of 5 and 7 monosyllable words)Syllable synthesis (3)Syllable segmentation (3)Deletion of initial phoneme (8)Phoneme segmentation (8)Synthesis of phoneme (8) |
| 3.Yopp |
1988 |
Auditory discrimination (40)Phoneme blending test (30)Phoneme counting test (42)Phoneme deletion test (30)Phoneme deletion test Rosner (13)Rhyming test (Yopp) (20)Phoneme segmentation (16)Phoneme segmentation (Yopp- Singer) (22)Sound isolation (15)Word- to- word matching (24) |
| 4.Wagner, Torgesen, Laughon, Simmons, & Rashotte |
1993 |
- phoneme segmentation (15 items)- phoneme elision (15 items)- sound isolation (initial, median and final) (15 items)- sound categorization (18 items)- blending onset and rime (15 items)- blending phonemes into words (15 items)- blending phonemes into non-words (15 items) |
| 5.Stahl&Murray |
1994 |
Blending (3 levels of linguistic complexity)Isolation (first and final sound) (4 levels)Segmentation (3 levels)Deletion (4 levels)14 tests of 5 items each |
| 6.Carrillo |
1994 |
Sensitivity to rhyme (5 test items) (15 pairs to compare)Sensitivity to alliteration (same)Position segment identification (5 series of 4 words)Final segment deleting (15 words)Initial segment deleting (same as previous)Initial segment isolation (10 words)Final segment isolation (same as just the previous)Total segmentation (10 words)Reversal segments (10 words) |
| 7. Høien, Lundberg, Stanovich, & Bjaalid |
1995 |
- rhyme recognition (11 items)- syllable counting (16 items)- initial-phoneme matching (10 items)- deletion of initial phonemes (10 items)- phoneme blending (10 items)- phoneme counting (6 items) |
| 8. Muter, Hulme, Snowling, & Taylor |
1997 |
- rhyme detection (10 items)- rhyme production (2 target words, 30 seconds to produce rhyming words)- phoneme identification (8)- phoneme deletion (10)- at time 2 and 3 a sound blending tasks was added (32) |
| 9. Lonigan, Burgess, Anthony, & Barker |
1998 |
- rhyme oddity detection (11)- alliteration oddity detection (11)- blending (22)- elision (17) |
| 10.Schatschneider, Francis, Foorman, Fletcher, & Mehta |
1999 |
- blending onset and rime (15)- blending phonemes into words (15)- blending phonemes into nonwords (15)- phoneme elision (15)- phoneme segmentation (15)- sound categorization (15)- first sound comparison (15) |
| 11. De Jong & der Leij |
1999 |
- Rhyme categorization (10)- First sound categorization (10)- Last sound categorization (10) |
| 12. Anthony, Lonigan, Burgess, Driscoll, Phillips, & Cantor |
2002 |
- rhyme oddity (11)- rhyme matching (11)- word blending (11)- nonpictured blending (11)- multiple-choice blending (10)- word elision (11)- nonpictured elision (10)- multiple-choice elision (10) |
| 13.Van Bon & van Leeuwe |
2003 |
- phoneme recognition (30)- phoneme blending (30)- phoneme counting a (10)- phoneme counting b (20)- phoneme deletion (20)- phoneme segmentation (30)- pseudoword repetition (30)- rhyme judgment (20) |
| 14.Runge and Watkins |
2006 |
Rhyme Recognition—Oral Presentation (10 items)Rhyme Recognition—Picture Presentation (10)Rhyme Production—Oral Presentation (10)Rhyme Production—Picture Presentation (10)Categorization Recognition—Picture Presentation Same (10)Categorization Recognition—Picture Presentation Different (10)Categorization Production—Oral Presentation (12)Categorization Production—Picture Presentation (15)Blending Recognition (15)Blending Production—Oral Presentation (phonemes) (15)Blending Production—Oral Presentation (linguistic units) (15)Segmenting Recognition—Neutral Presentation (42)Segmenting Production—Oral Presentation (22)Segmenting Production—Oral Presentation (15)Manipulation Recognition (15)Manipulation Production—Oral Presentation (15)Manipulation Production—Oral Presentation (15)Letter Name RecognitionLetter Name Production—IdentificationLetter Name Production—WrittenRapid Serial Naming Production—AnimalsRapid Serial Naming Production—ObjectsRapid Serial Naming Production—Colors. |
| 15.Vloedgraven and Verhoeven |
2007 |
- rhyme (30)- phoneme identification (30)- phoneme blending (40)- phoneme segmentation (40) |
| 16. Papadopoulos, Spanoudis, & Kendeou |
2009 |
- rhyme oddity (15)- rhyme generation (10)- syllable segmentation (15)- syllable completion (15)- final syllable/ cluster oddity (10)- initial syllable oddity (15)- initial sound oddity (15)- sound isolation (15)- phoneme elision (15)- blending (15) |
| 17.Mott &Rutherford |
2012 |
Rhyme, alliteration, words, syllables, onsets and rimesPhonemic isolationPhonemic identificationPhonemic categorizationBlendingSegmentingManipulation15 items for eachLAPS instrument |
| 18. Godoy & Cogo-Moreira |
2015 |
Segmentation (8 items with three syllable structures)Subtraction with consonant- vowel- consonant structures (16)Subtraction with consonant- consonant- vowel structure (10) |
| 19. Wolff & Gustafsson |
2015 |
Identification at the morpheme, syllable, and phoneme level (9 items each task ; one task at the morpheme level, one at the syllable level, and three tasks at the phoneme level)Blending/ segmentation at the morpheme level, 2 tasks at the syllable level, and 2 tasks at the phoneme levelManipulation at the morpheme level (2 tasks), two tasks at the syllable level, and two tasks at the phoneme level |
| 20.Santos & Lima |
2017 |
- identifying a phoneme at the beginning, middle, and end of words (5 items each) |
| 21. Germano, de C. Cesar, & Capellini |
2017 |
Rhyme production (20-word stimuli)Rhyme identification (20)Syllabic segmentation (21)Production of words from a given phonemePhonemic synthesis (21)Phonemic analysis (21)Identification of the initial sound structure (21) |
| 22. Meira, Cadime, & Viana |
2018 |
- syllabic segmentation (9)- syllabic synthesis (4)- initial syllable identification (9)- initial syllable oddity (9)- initial syllable naming (9)- final syllable identification (9)- final syllable oddity (10)- final syllable naming (10)- syllabic recognition (7)- syllabic localization (7)- rhyme recognition (7)- rhyme oddity (7)- initial phoneme recognition (7)- initial phoneme identification (7)- initial phoneme oddity (9)- initial phoneme naming (10)- phonemic recognition (6)- phonemic localization (5) |
| 23. Milankov, Golubović, Krstić, &Golubović |
2021 |
- syllable merging (6)- syllable segmentation (6)- initial phoneme identification (6)- rhyme recognition (6)- phoneme segmentation (6)- final phoneme identification (6)- phoneme deletion and phoneme substitution (6) |
