Problems Of Socio-Political Vocabulary Description In The "Dictionary Of The Kabardino-Circassian Language"

The article deals with the problem of lexicographic description of socio-political vocabulary in the Explanatory Dictionary of the Kabardino-Circassian Language. The study of socio-political vocabulary is, undoubtedly, of both linguistic and social interest. Therefore, the attention of linguists to this section of vocabulary is increasing nowadays. The analysis of the modern dictionary shows that the considered layer of words is widely represented in it. It is noted that the main methods, selection criteria, and methods of socio-political lexemes lexicography in the studied dictionary have serious shortcomings. It was revealed that some native and borrowed lexemes that were widely used in the speech of native speakers of the Kabardino-Circassian language were not included in the dictionary, thus violating one of the main principles of selecting words in the dictionary – the principle of the prevalence and frequency of language units. The active processes that occur under the influence of the Russian language in the socio-political vocabulary of the late XX century – the enrichment of semantics. It is noted that the illustrative material, which plays the main role in the interpretation of words, is presented insufficiently. The author emphasizes that the main illustrative material for such dictionaries should be quotations from fiction, scientific, and journalistic literature. Based on the conducted study, the practicability and necessity of applying obtained results in the compilation of various lexicographic works, Internet lexicons and especially a special dictionary of socio-political namings are substantiated. 2357-1330 © 2021 Published by European Publisher.


Introduction
Social life, which is characterized by the processes taking place in society, is constantly in motion.
The global socio-political changes that occurred in Russia at the end of the XX century led to major changes not only in social life but also in the vocabulary of the Kabardino-Circassian language. As a result, a significant number of both native and borrowed words appeared in the vocabulary of the Kabardino-Circassian language. These numerous lexemes are recorded in the first explanatory dictionary.

Problem Statement
In the modern world, the socio-political sphere is of great importance for society. International globalization, integration, and now migration caused fundamental changes in the international situation.
Such changes are clearly reflected in the language, so socio-political vocabulary is the most popular in the modern world. In this regard, this article is aimed at studying all the shortcomings in the explanatory dictionary of the Kabardino-Circassian language. The need for the scientific study of the socio-political vocabulary of the Kabardino-Circassian language is also felt when compiling bilingual, spelling and other dictionaries of the Kabardino-Circassian language due to the different way of words representation. The analysis of the material shows that there is a need to systematize and unify the socio-political vocabulary.

Research Questions
Words denoting socio-political realities registered in the first explanatory "Dictionary of the Kabardino-Circassian language" have been the subject of study.

Purpose of the Study
The problem of the lexicographic description of socio-political vocabulary in the "Dictionary of the Kabardino-Circassian language" has not become the subject of special research yet. Meanwhile, the system of selection and lexicography of socio-political lexemes in modern reference books is an actual scientific problem. The purpose of this work is to determine the composition, methods of selection, addressee, and methods of dictionary processing of socio-political vocabulary in the explanatory dictionary of the Kabardino-Circassian language. This research is based on a comprehensive approach to the study of this word group: the volume, the way of words arrangement, the description of the word meaning, grammatical and stylistic notes.

Research Methods
The study on the problem of SPV lexicographic representation on the example of the "Dictionary of the Kabardino-Circassian Language" makes it possible to highlight a number of poorly studied aspects of the vocabulary in a new way. To implement the tasks set, the following materials were used: a) the first explanatory dictionary of the Kabardino-Circassian language (Dictionary of the Kabardino-Circassian language, 1999; The Russian-Kabardino-Circassian Dictionary, 2018); b) scientific works https: //doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.11.350 Corresponding Author: Khazhismel Chilyanievich Zhiletezhev Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of the conference eISSN:  2649 were used as empirical material (Apazhev, 2002;Apazhev & Kokov, 2008;Bizhoev, 2005Bizhoev, , 2016Rubleva, 2004;Tkacheva, 2008;Yakovleva & Shestakova, 2019;Zhiletezhev, 2019). These materials allow identifying the state of the socio-political lexemes used in the language and the ways for their further systematization.
A set of methods and techniques were used in the study: -the main method of research is lexicographic (created by the Russian school of lexicography (Karpova, 2004;Stupin, 1985), which was used for the lexicographic analysis of the dictionary, the definition of lexemes, the principles of composing dictionary entries and stylistic notes; -the descriptive method was used for the collection and classification of materials on the subject of the study; the comparative method was used for material engagement from other lexicographic sources and the everyday speech of native speakers; the comparative-historical method was used for the selection and comparison of lexical units, their temporal correlation, as well as for the identification of borrowings. The contextual method was used to identify the functioning features of words with certain semantics in two completely different languages -in Russian and Kabardino-Circassian. The statistical method was used for random sampling and counting of socio-political lexemes. The combination of linguistic research methods used helps to identify a set of problems in the description of socio-political vocabulary in the dictionary under study.

Findings
In the 50s of the twentieth century, an unprecedented activity was observed in the Kabardino-Circassian lexicography. Within three years, two bilingual dictionaries were published -"Russian-Kabardian-Circassian" in 1955 and "Russian Kabardian" in 1957. Work on the first explanatory dictionary of the Kabardino-Circassian language started soon after that. In the late 80s, the manuscript of the Dictionary was ready for publication. "However, the changes in the socio-political and economic life of the country that took place in the late 80s and early 90s required some adjustments to the manuscript of the Dictionary" (Dictionary of the Kabardino-Circassian Language, 1999, p. 72). The dictionary, which contains about 31,000 words, was finally published in 1999. According to the authors, the main task of the dictionary is "to show the state of the Kabardino-Circassian language vocabulary at the present stage, as well as to provide the norms of the words using" (Dictionary of the Kabardino-Circassian Language, 1999, p. 87). In our opinion, the collective work has coped with this task successfully. Along with the nationwide vocabulary, the dictionary contains a large number of archaisms, dialectisms, socio-political and scientific-technical terms. According to the well-known linguist-lexicographer Apazhev (2002), this dictionary "is the largest work of explanatory lexicography in the North Caucasus" (p. 221).
In the dictionary under study, the socio-political vocabulary of the Kabardino-Circassian language, which consists of native and borrowed words, is widely represented. It should be noted that, in comparison with previous dictionaries, borrowings from the Russian language (or through the Russian language) in this dictionary are recorded in a relatively small volume. So, if in the "Russian-Kabardian-Circassian Dictionary" of 1955 were registered about 1000 socio-political lexemes (Zhiletezhev, 2019), then in this explanatory dictionary there are only about 200 units. This situation, in our opinion, is due to a) the specifics of the dictionary itself -although it includes common vocabulary, it is not thematic; b) the fact that excessive use of unjustified borrowings leads to "clogging" the native language. This dictionary https: //doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.11.350 Corresponding Author: Khazhismel Chilyanievich Zhiletezhev Selection and peer-review under (Zhiletezhev, 2019). Let us consider some gaps in the description of these word groups in the explanatory lexicon: 1. Although the special literature notes that "in terms of the coverage of lexical material and the level of its lexicographic development, the dictionary will occupy one of the leading places in Russian linguistics" (Apazhev, 2008, p. 222), the vocabulary of the language is not fully covered, many socio-political lexemes that are widely used in fiction, mass media and in the vernacular are omitted: власть -power, властыншэ, властыншагъэ -anarchy, дзэлIwarrior; зыкъэIэтыныгъэ -revolt, mutiny, кIэзонэ -treasury, уахътыншэ -immortal, дауакIуэ -petitioner, лIыхъусэжь -knight, liberal, social democrat, conservative, idea, ideologue, ideology, etc.
3. The meanings of some words need to be clarified. For example, the lexeme къалэн means "duty", "task", "business". In the Kabardino-Circassian language, the lexeme къалэн under the influence of the Russian language acquires other meanings -"duty", "obligation", "debt", "task", "role" ("function"), "mission", "assignment" (The Russian-Kabardino-Circassian Dictionary, 2018). The word къызэдэжэн -"to race" has also a political meaning -"to compete for position" (for example, in elections). The naming къулыкъущIэ is fixed as "employee", but in the Kabardino-Circassian language, this lexeme is more used in the meaning of "official" (The Russian-Kabardino-Circassian Dictionary, 2018). The lexeme чэнджэщэгъу is translated as "consultor", but in the language, this word is often used in the meaning of "adviser": adviser to the president -президентым и чэнджэщэгъу (The Russian-Kabardino-Circassian Dictionary, 2018). The naming зэхъуэкIыныгъэ in the dictionary has the meaning "change", "transformation", but it is more used in the meaning "restructuring". There къулыкъу хуэщIэн -to serve someone or something. Since this dictionary is translation and explanatory, phraseological units should have been not only translated but also interpreted.
However, in relation to phraseological units, the dictionary does not follow its own principles (Bizhoev, 2016). The above-mentioned fixed expression къулыкъу зехьэн should have been https: //doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.11.350 Corresponding Author: Khazhismel Chilyanievich Zhiletezhev Selection and peer-review under  6. According to lexicographers, each word included in the lexicon "should receive a complex, versatile description, which is set by the structure of the dictionary entry adopted in the dictionary" (Yakovleva & Shestakova, 2019, p. 49). In this regard, attention should also be paid to the lack of stylistic and thematic notes in most cases in this dictionary. Interpretations Language, 1999) and many others, which are registered in this dictionary without any notes.
Although, these words have fallen out of use and have passed into the passive vocabulary.
They are historicisms and should be marked as obsolete or hist. as, for example, the lexeme «пщы»: ПЩЫ hist. prince / Феодальнэ обществэхэм я кIуэцIкIэ дзэзешэ, жылагъуэхэм я тепщэ (Dictionary of the Kabardino-Circassian Language, 1999). It is interesting to note that all the derived namings from the word пщы -prince, which we have given above, are not marked, which is a mistake of the authors.

Conclusion
Thus, the process of documenting the socio-political vocabulary in the "Dictionary of the Kabardino-Circassian Language" has some gaps: the selection of language material violates the principles of frequency and prevalence, as a result of which many lexemes are not included in the dictionary; the content and semantic changes of some terms are not sufficiently disclosed, incomplete information is given about the subjects, concepts, phenomena, etc.; the lack of illustrative (confirming) material for some dictionary definitions; the lack of special notes such as "hist.", "pol.", etc., which, in our opinion, are of great importance for correct perception of the interpreted lexeme by the reader.
Despite the above-mentioned shortcomings, the dictionary remains a valuable work in Circassian, Caucasian and Russian linguistics. This dictionary has become the first and most complete guide to the correct definition and translation of the meaning of words, the correct fixation and correct use of words in the Kabardino-Circassian language. However, the importance of the dictionary is not limited to this but goes far beyond it. It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that this explanatory dictionary, will also become a reliable basis for creating new types of lexicographic works that have not been developed in Circassian linguistics yet. We hope that this lexicon will lay the foundation for creating a dictionary of socio-political vocabulary of the modern Kabardino-Circassian language. Moreover, about 40 years have https: //doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.11.350 Corresponding Author: Khazhismel Chilyanievich Zhiletezhev Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of the conference eISSN:  2652 passed since the publication of this type of dictionary. Radical socio-political changes of the 90s. of the twentieth century (the collapse of the country and the political system, the transition to a market economy, freedom of speech, democracy, transparency, etc.) led to a fundamental shift not only in public life but also in the vocabulary of the Kabardino-Circassian language. As a result, a large number of new words appeared in the vocabulary of the Kabardino-Circassian language. In this regard, it seems necessary to create a special dictionary of the socio-political vocabulary of the Kabardino-Circassian language, since this is dictated by the needs of the current stage of society development. Due to the rapid development of information and communication technologies and the high availability of the Internet, electronic dictionaries are in great demand in domestic and foreign linguistics (Boldnov et al., 2005;The 2010 Political Dictionary from A to Z, 2010). The creation of an electronic dictionary of the sociopolitical vocabulary of the Kabardino-Circassian language would automate the search for the necessary information for the user and significantly speed up the process of introducing this word group into the Kabardino-Circassian language.