RESTORATION OF THE NATIONAL AUTONOMY OF THE CHECHEN AND INGUSH PEOPLES

From 1944 to 1957 the Chechens and the Ingush were forcibly exiled to Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan under a curfew. After the death of I. Stalin and the execution of L. Beria, the first steps were taken to liberalize their legal situation. The paper analyses the measures for the rehabilitation of the Chechens and the Ingush, which began only at the end of autumn 1956. In solving the problems of rehabilitation of the Chechen and Ingush peoples, 1957–1958 became an important stage, the results of which largely predetermined the success in the implementation of the entire multifaceted program for the restoration of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, its further progressive development. Key episodes of the activities of state and economic bodies at all levels deserve serious analysis and objective assessment due to the fact that many of them remain out of demand both in the academic environment and in a wide readership. The process of restoring the national autonomy of the Chechens and the Ingush began after on January 9, 1957 the Presidium


Introduction
In solving practical problems related to the rehabilitation of the Chechen and Ingush peoples 1957-1958 became an important stage creating programs to restore the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and ensure its further progressive development (Tsutsulaeva et al., 2020).
A large-scale program to restore the autonomy of the Chechen and Ingush peoples, successful implementation within the established time frame (Inurkaeva, 2013) was a priority task for the whole republic and did not interfere with the implementation of previously set development plans for the entire national economic complex.

Research Questions
Published studies and identified materials provide an opportunity for an objective and comprehensive analysis of the restoration of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, formation of a political system, development of the main directions of national building and their impact on the subsequent socio-cultural development of Chechen-Ingushetia.

Purpose of the Study
The purpose of the study is to outline the strategic directions of the socio-economic and cultural development of the republic during 1957-1962, to show the main directions, forms and methods of restoring the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, to analyze the activities of election campaigns, and to consider the development of the relevant political system in the republic.
An important task is to reveal the socio-cultural aspect of the restoration of autonomy of the Chechen and Ingush peoples in the context of the nation-building strategy.

Research Methods
The study utilized the general scientific principles of systemic and structural-functional analysis, objectivity and historicism. The paper used special historical methods: retrospective, typological, comparative analysis, which made it possible to analyze the activities of all authorities during the https: //doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.11.300 Corresponding Author: Supyan S. Magamadov Selection and peer-review under

Findings
In solving the practical problems of rehabilitation of the Chechen and Ingush peoples, 1957-1958 became a peculiar initial stage, the results of which largely predetermined the success in the entire multifaceted program for the restoration of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, its further progressive development.
1958 was critical in the implementation of a large-scale program to restore the national statehood of the Chechen and Ingush peoples.
The sixth Chechen-Ingush regional party conference was held on January 9-10, 1958. The final resolution of the conference noted that in January 1956 -January 1958 the republic managed to solve key party and state tasks aimed at the "restoration and development of the economy and culture of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic" (as in the text of the document). This was also evidenced by the figures given in the report of the first secretary of the Chechen-Ingush regional committee of the CPSU A.I. Yakovlev (Inurkaeva, 2013).
A large-scale program to restore the autonomy of the Chechen and Ingush peoples, the successful implementation of which for the whole republic was a priority in the broad sense of this definition within the established time frame (1957)(1958)(1959)(1960)(1961)(1962), did not become an obstacle to the timely implementation of previously set development plans for the entire national economic complex.
By the beginning of 1958, more than 200 thousand Chechens and Ingush people returned to the republic, including 79 thousand able-bodied citizens. Over 55 thousand were employed in various sectors of the national economy of Chechen-Ingushetia, 1734 people were nominated for leadership positions in party, Soviet, Komsomol, trade union and economic bodies.
Those who wished to build individual housing were given land plots, and "more than 200 million rubles of cash loans were issued for the construction and repair of houses, the acquisition of... cattle" for personal subsidiary farms. Hence, by the end of 1957, about 37 thousand families built new houses.
Acknowledging the progress in the implementation of the reconstruction tasks of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, it is impossible to disregard that their achievement was sometimes carried out through certain difficulties caused by not only objective but also subjective factors.
It should be particularly noted that the daily activities of the authorities and their leaders did not always correspond to the ever-growing scale of tasks, the level of their complexity.
On October 26, 1957, the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR approved a comprehensive (target) program of economic and cultural construction in the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic for 1958-1960. The proposals formulated by the institutions of power and economic bodies of the republic were mainly taken as its basis.
In early December 1957, the plenum of the Chechen-Ingush Regional Committee of the CPSU discussed the issue "On the tasks of the party organization of the republic for economic and cultural construction in the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1958-1960". https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.11.300 Corresponding Author: Supyan S. Magamadov Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of the conference eISSN:  2272 At the same time, the tasks of creating the corresponding political system of the republic were also solved. In December 1957, the CPSU Regional Committee and the Organizing Committee for the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic petitioned the country's leadership to authorize the election of deputies of the Supreme Council of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on March 16, 1958. The proposals of the republican authorities were approved. Thus, this was the beginning of a republican system of public administration.
In January 1958, the Organizing Committee for the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and the Bureau of the CPSU Regional Committee adopted a number of decisions provided for by the election regulations. In the following days -until March 16, which was the voting day -an election campaign was held in the republic. Its real purpose was not only in the political sense, but also in the moral and psychological. The election campaign itself and its course created a feeling among the bulk of the Chechen and Ingush population, perhaps illusory, that they again became the full-fledged citizens of the great country.
The election of deputies of the Supreme Council of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was held on March 16, 1958. Their results once again confirmed the "inviolability of the Communist and non-Party bloc". The voter turnout was traditionally high: almost a hundred percent -99.98 %. In total, 98.6 % voted for candidates for deputies (Igonin, 1958).
The Central Election Commission registered elected deputies in all 116 districts (Igonin, 1958).

The first session of the Supreme Council of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist
Republic of the new composition -the second convocation -began its work on April 15, 1958 (Itsoyev, 2012). At the request of the Council of Elders (Itsoyev, 2012) it was opened by the deputy Saidbey Arsanov, a famous Chechen writer (Igonin, 1958). A noticeable influence on the situation in the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was also made by problems that regularly arose in resolving the issues related to the return of the Chechen population to the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and the Ingush population https: //doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.11.300 Corresponding Author: Supyan S. Magamadov Selection and peer-review under  The authorities of Dagestan saw a way out in the deployment of the arriving Chechen population to Khasavyurt, Babayurt and Kizil-Yurt regions of the republic. V. Churaev, the head of the department of party bodies of the CPSU Central Committee for the RSFSR, who directly dealt with these issues, positively reacted to these proposals. At the same time, he was guided by the fact that the restoration of the former Aukhov region... may lead to the desire of other peoples (Ingush, Kalmyks, Chechens) to be housed only in their former settlements, and in houses that previously belonged to them.
According to party bodies, by mid-June 1958, out of 2350 Chechen families, who arrived to the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, 1880 families were resettled and employed. A further solution to this problem "became impossible due to the disorganizing, provocative actions of the group of Chechens who ignore the established procedure for resettlement, oppose the decision of the regional party committee and the Council of Ministers of the Republic on the planned resettlement of arrived Chechens, demand the restoration of the former Aukhov region and the placement of returning families only in the villages from which they were expelled".
No less acute were the issues of the return and placement of the Ingush population, in particular on the territory of settlements of the Prigorodny region, which in 1957 was left as part of the North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic by the decision of higher authorities.

Conclusion
Thus, after the issue of the Decrees of the Supreme Soviets of the USSR and the RSFSR on January 9, 1957 "On the Restoration of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic as part of the RSFSR", a lot has been done to restore the autonomy of the Chechen and Ingush peoples. In the spring of 1958, all branches of power of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic were created -legislative, executive and judicial. The national autonomy -statehood -of the Chechen and Ingush peoples in the constitutional and legal sense was restored in full. https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.11.300 Corresponding Author: Supyan S. Magamadov Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of the conference eISSN:  2275 Besides, Chechen-Ingushetia turned out to be between two "hot" points -regions: Aukhov in the east and Prigorodny in the west. These barriers, without which a consistent and successful implementation of the multifaceted tasks of the complete rehabilitation of repressed peoples could not be carried out, were quite serious. The political balance in all three republics and their relations to a large extent depended on a clever and balanced approach to resolving the current situation. However, this approach was unclaimed for the authorities. Therefore, during the difficult period of the collapse of the USSR, the tragic consequences of such a short-sighted policy of the country's leadership could not be avoided.