Spatial Differences In The Life Quality Change In The Russian Federation

The constituent entities of the Russian Federation are distinguished by their geographical location, natural resource potential, historical stages of the economic complex formation, sectoral and territorial economy structure, demographic situation, urbanization processes, and the integration degree into foreign economic relations. The goals of successful socio-economic development mean the formation of a decent standard and quality of life of the population, and the reduction of territorial disparities between and within the constituent entities of the country. The spatial socio-economic situation in the country constituent entity depends on the territorial and sectoral economy structure, the branch/sectoral industry structure, territorial accessibility to digital infrastructure, investment volume in the economy, infrastructure provision and characteristics of urban settlement. Modern challenges are associated with such a process as the digitalization of economic activity which in a broad sense is defined as the inclusion of data and the Internet in manufacturing processes and products. The scientific and practical comprehension of spatial development means solving such an issue as clarifying the territorial differences in the socio-economic growth of the country constituent entities. Life quality as an indicator of socio-economic development is a multidimensional category. It covers emotional, physical, material, and social well-being which is projected at the individual and social levels. The proposed study is aimed at identifying the spatial dynamics of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation by a number of indicators reflecting the main aspects of the population life quality as an indicator of socio-economic changes. 2357-1330 © 2021 Published by European Publisher.


Introduction
The methodology of scientific and practical research on the quality of life is based on the use of an index approach for ranking countries or other studied territorial units according to an integral indicator.
The study is aimed at identifying leaders and outsiders in terms of the life quality, possible hotbeds of social conflicts, and the research results serve as a rationale for regional policy to reduce socio-economic inequality.
An objective assessment of the life quality can be based on taking into account the standards of needs in meeting the population needs, and on the use of statistical indicators of income, unemployment, and environmental pollution (Tavokin & Tabatadze, 2009). Economic freedom, creativity, higher growth rates of labor productivity in comparison with the growth rates of production and population mean an increase in the life quality of the middle class (Kvint & Okrepilov, 2014). The population life quality in modern world is achieved on the basis of the implementation of the sustainable development principles as the basic foundation for the economic, social, environmental, and cultural growth of territories (Battis-Schinker et al., 2021). Based on the statistical data analysis on: Population density, the share of the urban population (including for cities with more than 100 thousand inhabitants and over 1 million), the production of gross regional product (GRP) per capita; per capita money income in the context of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, a conclusion about the exacerbation of socio-economic differentiation of RF constituent entities was made in the 1990s and the very beginning of the 2000s (Anokhin & Fedorov, 2017, p. 327).
Key trends in the labor market in the Russian Federation: the growth of shadow employment, a reduction in the role of small and medium-sized businesses, an increase in interregional labor migration due to the situation polarization on regional labor markets (Antonov, 2019, p. 560).
Education and universities are considered as an urgent condition in the formation of social innovation and the territory sustainable development (Arocena & Sutz, 2021). Social living conditions affect geographic differences in life expectancy as an indicator of sustainable development (Jiang et al., 2018).
It is relevant to take into account the objective conditions affecting various aspects of the population life quality from the standpoint of territorial studies: 1) Territorial and sectoral economy structure. It defines the geography of the centers of territory growth and development as places of concentration of well-being and prosperity, on the one hand, but leading to increased social polarization, on the other hand. The geography of multifunctional successful cities that attract labor migrants, geography of monofunctional urban centers with a concentration of socio-economic disadvantage and an unpromising demographic structure of residents, geography of propulsive sectors of the economy with high labor productivity and high costs for research and development, geography of the service economy, and the geography of peripheral growth are determined https: //doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.11.71 Corresponding Author: Faronova Yuliia Valerevna Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of the conference eISSN: 2357-1330 542 by competitive economy specialization, and the region participation in value chains. Geographic differences in the territory affect the socio-territorial inequality in the population life quality; 2) Branch/sectoral industry structure. Socio-territorial inequality of the Russian space has arisen and is remaining due to the formation of the country constituent entities with an income predominance from the export mining sector of the industry (or the export sector of the manufacturing industry) and the country constituent entities with the production of uncompetitive industrial products; 3) Modern risks to social well-being are caused by territorial inequality of digital infrastructure access which creates unequal opportunities for education, doing business, and for organizing the

Problem Statement
The Russian Federation is a unique country in terms of natural and climatic conditions, administrative-territorial division, participation in the system of international geographical division of labor, and geopolitical role in the world space. The political transformation of the country after 1990 influenced the formation of economic, social, and environmental inequality of the country constituent entities. A study aimed at identifying such a problem as a spatio-temporal change in the population life quality of the country constituent entities by 2019 compared to 2000 was carried out in the paper.

Research Questions
The research subject is to determine constituent entities of the Russian Federation with different

Purpose of the Study
The purpose of the study is to determine the spatial differences in the change in the population life quality at the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation which occurred by 2019 compared to 2000 based on the integral indicator calculation of the life quality.

Research Methods
The index dynamics of the population life quality of each constituent entity of the Russian

Findings
The ranking results of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation according to the calculated IDQL are presented in Table 01.

Conclusion
The